MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL Journal, vol.6, No.1, 2018 MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MEDICAL PHYSICS MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL Journal, 1, 2018 113 MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL Journal, vol.6, No.1, 2018 MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL The Journal of the International Organization for Medical Physics Aims and Coverage: Medical Physics International (MPI) is the official IOMP journal. The journal provides a new platform for medical physicists to share their experience, ideas and new information generated from their work of scientific, educational and professional nature. The e- journal is available free of charge to IOMP members. Co-Editors Slavik Tabakov, IOMP President, UK and Perry Sprawls, Atlanta, USA Editorial Board KY Cheung , IOMP Past President, Hong Kong, China Madan Rehani, IOMP Vice President, IAEA William Hendee , IOMP Scientific Com Past-Chair, Wisconsin, USA Tae Suk Suh , President AFOMP, IOMP Publication Com Chair, South Korea John Damilakis, EFOMP Past-President, IOMP ETC Chair, Greece Virginia Tsapaki, IOMP Secretary General, Greece Simone Kodlulovich Renha, Past President ALFIM,IOMP Awards Committee Chair, Brazil Anchali Krisanachinda, Past President SEAFOMP, IOMP Treasurer, Thailand Toafeeq Ige, President FAMPO, Nigeria Renato Padovani, Past Secretary-General of EFOMP, ICTP Marco Brambilla, EFOMP President, Italy Technical Editors: Magdalena Stoeva and Asen Cvetkov, Bulgaria Editorial Assistant: Vassilka Tabakova, UK MPI web address: www.mpijournal.org Published by: The International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), web address: www.iomp.org ; post address: IOMP c/o IPEM, 230 Tadcaster Road, York YO24 1ES, UK. Copyright ©2013 International Organisation Medical Physics. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated in any form, or by any means, without prior permission from the Editors-in-Chief of the Journal, to whom all request to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. All opinions expressed in the Medical Physics International Journal are those of the respective authors and not the Publisher. The Editorial Board makes every effort to ensure the information and data contained in this Journal are as accurate as possible at the time of going to press. However IOMP makes no warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any purpose of the content and disclaim all such representations and warranties whether expressed or implied. ISSN 2306 - 4609 114 MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL Journal, vol.6, No.1, 2018 CONTENTS Contents EDITORIAL 116 EDITORIAL 116 Perry Sprawls and Slavik Tabakov MPI SPECIAL ISSUE NO.1 (2018) - HISTORY OF MEDICAL PHYSICS 117 Perry Sprawls and Slavik Tabakov EDUCATIONAL 118 MATRAD - AN OPEN-SOURCE TREATMENT PLANNING TOOLKIT FOR EDUCATIONAL 119 PURPOSES H.P. Wieser1,2,3, N. Wahl1,2,4, H.S. Gabryś1,2,3, L.R. Müller1,2,4, G. Pezzano1,2, J. Winter1,2,4, S. Ulrich1,2, L. Burigo1,2 , O. Jäkel1,2 and M. Bangert1,2 DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE MENTAL KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES FOR MEDICAL PHYSICS 128 APPLICATIONS. Sprawls, P PROFESSIONAL 134 WOMEN IN PHYSICS: PIONEERS WHO INSPIRE US 135 L. Giansante, J.C. Santos, R.Y.H. Lin, L.F. Goulart, K.H. Ng A MEDICAL PHYSICS PERSPECTIVE: RADIATION THERAPY IN NEPAL 145 Adhikari, K.P. FIVE YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF MEDICAL PHYSICS CELEBRATION IN GHANA – 148 THE EXPERIENCE S. Inkoom, F. Hasford, J.H. Amuasi, A.K. Kyere, C. Schandorf, J.J. Fletcher, E.C.K. Addison, M. Boadu, E.K. Sosu, T.A. Sackey , S.N.A. Tagoe, A.N. Mumuni MEDICAL PHYSICS FOR WORLD BENEFIT (MPWB): A NOT-FOR-PROFIT, VOLUNTEER 152 ORGANIZATION IN SUPPORT OF MEDICAL PHYSICS IN LOWER INCOME ENVIRONMENTS J. Van Dyk, Y. Pipman, G. White, D. Wilkins, P. Basran, R. Jeraj HOW-TO 156 X-RAY TUBE ARCING: MANIFESTATION AND DETECTION DURING QUALUTY CONTROL 157 S. Tabakov INVITED PAPER 162 RADIATION EXPOSURE AND THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE RISK COMMUNICATION: LESSONS 163 FOLLOWING THE 2011 FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT Kwan Hoong Ng Introducing new IOMP ExCom members and Awardees 168 PHASE CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY, P. Russo 169 MEDICAL PHYSICS EDUCATION AND SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT, Arun Chougule 176 MY JOURNEY TO MEDICAL PHYSICS, I. Duhaini 180 KWAN HOONG NG AWARDED THE MARIE SKLODOWSKA-CURIE AWARD OF IOMP, 2018 182 ELISEO VAÑO AWARDED THE IUPESM AWARD OF MERIT, 2018 184 ANCHALI KRISANACHINDA AWARDED THE HAROLD JOHNS MEDAL, 2018 185 SALLY HAWKING – HONORARY MEMBER IOMP (2018) 186 BOOK REVIEW 187 RADIATION BIOLOGY FOR MEDICAL PHYSICISTS 188 BY C.S. SUREKA, C. ARMPILIA INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS 189 ANNEX - IUPESM 2018 World Congress - IOMP SCHOOL 192 115 MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL Journal, vol.6, No.1, 2018 EDITORIAL The IOMP Journal Medical Physics International We are also specially grateful to the authors of all (MPI) successfully completed its first 4-year term in papers submitted and published in the MPI Journal. It was 2017. During this time the IOMP Journal that is dedicated mainly due to them that the Journal had such a successful to educational and professional issues published more start and continues to engage an ever growing number of than 650 pages of reviewed papers and c. 1300 pages with readers and authors. abstracts of IOMP- supported Conferences. A number of As usual, we are including some brief statistics from the papers in the first 10 issues were downloaded more the server of MPI Journal. This official statistics includes than 5,000 times each. not only the readers, but also the geographical spread of The success of the MPI Journal proved the need of a the Journal usage and the most frequently read papers. forum for discussion of our educational, professional and For example only in one randomly selected day (10 Sep other related issues. This is specially important for topics 2017) there have been between 10 and 50 readers per related to e-Learning (e-L), as often e-L materials have hour. The figure below shows part of the server statistics short period of life and require quick dissemination and of MPI during the period covering August 2017 to April use. Behind the establishment of the Journal was the 2018 – the visits are about 11,000 per month, while their necessity of an e-L forum. This was identified in the geographical spread indicates that more than 50% of Special Issue on “e-Learning in Medical Engineering and readers are from Low-and-Middle-Income countries. Physics”, published by the Journal Medical Engineering At the IOMP ExCom meeting in Jaipur (Nov 2017), and Physics (Guest-Editor S Tabakov, 2005). This idea the Founding MPI Editors-in-Chief (S Tabakov and P was further developed through the ICTP College on Sprawls) were approved to continue leading the Journal Medical Physics, which was regularly served by the free for another period of 4 years and additional members web-sites of Sprawls Educational Foundation and were included in the Editorial Board. The new period of Emerald/Emit/Emitel projects. The IOMP ExCom the MPI Journal started with the first Special Issue of approved the idea of Journal establishment in 2012 and MPI, dedicated to the large IOMP Project “History of by the end of the year the foundations of MPI were laid Medical Physics”. This Speciall Issue is available for free down: the name was suggested by W. Hendee; an ISSN download from: www.mpijournal.org/pdf/2018-SI- number was obtained (2306-4609), a web site was made 01/MPI-2018-SI-01.pdf It includes the first chapters of by M Stoeva, and an Editorial Board was formed the History of the profession, related to X-ray Tubes, including colleagues from IOMP ExCom and Radiographic Receptors and e-Learning. The new current representatives of the IOMP Regional Organizations issue here includes a number of new papers, as well as (Federations). abstracts from the IOMP School from Prague (WC2018). We are grateful to all Founding members of the MPI We are looking forward to the further success of the MPI Editorial team: KY Cheung; Madan Rehani; William – the IOMP Journal dedicated to education, training and Hendee; Tae Suk Suh; John Damilakis; Virginia Tsapaki; professional issues. Raymond Wu; Simone Kodlulovich-Renha; Anchali Slavik Tabakov and Perry Sprawls Krisanachinda; Taofeeq Ige; Technical Editors: MPI Journal Co-Editors-in-Chief Magdalena Stoeva and Asen Cvetkov; Editorial Assistant: Vassilka Tabakova. 116 MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL Journal, vol.6, No.1, 2018 MPI SPECIAL ISSUE NO.1 (2018) - HISTORY OF MEDICAL PHYSICS This first Special Issue of the IOMP Journal Medical 5. Radiographic Film for Specific Clinical Physics International (MPI) from April 2018 begins the Applications series of publications linked with the IOMP project 6. Radiographic Image Viewing “History of Medical Physics”, announced last year at 7. Chemical Processing of Film MPI, 2017, No1, p. 68-69 (April 2017). 8. Intensified Radiography 9. Radiography Image Noise This MPI Special Issue can be downloaded free from: 10. Intensifying Screen Composition www.mpijournal.org/pdf/2018-SI-01/MPI-2018-SI- 11. Advances in Film Science and Technology 01.pdf 12. The Final Radiographic Receptor Design and Characteristics In this Special Issue, prepared for publication during 13. Chronology: A Century of Radiography Receptor 2017-2018, there are three chapters from two of the Developments in Review volumes. The chapters are about the History of X-ray Acknowledgements Tubes development (49 pages), the History of Film- Bibliography Screen Receptors development (31 pages) and the History of e-Learning development (30 pages). Here below is the History of Medical Physics e-Learning Introduction Content of the three Chapters: and First Activities (Slavik Tabakov) Content X-Ray Tubes Development (Rolf Behling) 1. The Introduction of e-Learning in Medical Physics Content 1.1 Pilot Project Emerald and Image Database (IDB) - 1. Enabling technologies and physics in the 19th the second IDB in the world with ISBN century 1.2 Project EMIT and the first Conference on e- 2.