The Globalization Reader The Globalization Reader Fifth Edition Edited by Frank J. Lechner and John Boli This fifth edition first published 2015 Editorial material and organization © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Edition history: Blackwell Publishers Ltd (1e, 2000), Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2004 and 3e, 2008), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (4e, 2012) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Frank J. Lechner and John Boli to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the authors shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The globalization reader / edited by Frank J. Lechner and John Boli. – Fifth Edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-73355-4 (pbk.) 1. International economic relations. 2. International economic relations–Social aspects. 3. International economic integration. 4. Globalization. 5. Anti-globalization movement. I. Lechner, Frank J., editor. II. Boli, John, 1948– editor. HF1359.G59 2015 337–dc23 2014030307 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Photo © Ed Honowitz / Getty Images Set in 11/13pt Dante by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2015 Contents Preface xii General Introduction 1 Part I Debating Globalization 7 Introduction 8 1 The Hidden Promise: Liberty Renewed 11 John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge 2 How to Judge Globalism 19 Amartya Sen 3 The Elusive Concept of Globalisation 25 Cees J. Hamelink 4 Jihad vs. McWorld 32 Benjamin R. Barber 5 The Clash of Civilizations? 41 Samuel P. Huntington Part I Questions 49 Part II Explaining Globalization 51 Introduction 52 6 The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy 56 Immanuel Wallerstein 7 Sociology of the Global System 63 Leslie Sklair vi Contents 8 A Brief History of Neoliberalism 71 David Harvey 9 World Society and the Nation-State 77 John W. Meyer, John Boli, George M. Thomas, and Francisco O. Ramirez 10 Globalization as a Problem 86 Roland Robertson 11 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy 94 Arjun Appadurai Part II Questions 103 Part III Experiencing Globalization 105 Introduction 106 12 Waves in the History of Globalization 109 Frank J. Lechner 13 How Sushi Went Global 116 Theodore C. Bestor 14 McDonald’s in Hong Kong 121 James L. Watson 15 The Transnational Villagers 130 Peggy Levitt 16 The Great Game and the Informal Empire 138 David Goldblatt 17 Fear and Money in Dubai 144 Mike Davis 18 An Anthropology of Structural Violence 149 Paul Farmer 19 Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche 156 Ethan Watters Part III Questions 161 Part IV Globalization and the World Economy 163 Introduction 164 20 China Makes, the World Takes 169 James Fallows 21 Commodity Chains and Marketing Strategies: Nike and the Global Athletic Footwear Industry 175 Miguel Korzeniewicz Contents vii 22 The Global Economy: Organization, Governance, and Development 186 Gary Gereffi 23 Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now: An Overview 197 Branko Milanovic 24 The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It 202 Paul Collier 25 The Global Financial Crisis and Its Effects 208 Malcolm Edey 26 The Twin Excesses – Financialization and Globalization – Caused the Crash 215 Ashok Bardhan 27 Globalism’s Discontents 218 Joseph E. Stiglitz Part IV Questions 226 Part V Globalization and the Nation-State 227 Introduction 228 28 The Declining Authority of States 232 Susan Strange 29 Global Organized Crime 239 James H. Mittelman 30 Has Globalization Gone Too Far? 245 Dani Rodrik 31 Welfare Spending in an Era of Globalization: The North–South Divide 252 John Glenn 32 World Culture and the Future of Schooling 259 David P. Baker and Gerald K. LeTendre Part V Questions 263 Part VI Global Governance 265 Introduction 266 33 The International Monetary Fund 270 James Vreeland 34 The Future of the Multilateral Trade System – What Role for the World Trade Organization? 277 Ann Capling and Richard Higgott viii Contents 35 A New World Order 283 Anne-Marie Slaughter 36 ISO and the Infrastructure for a Global Market 289 Craig N. Murphy and JoAnne Yates 37 Global Health Governance: A Conceptual Review 296 Richard Dodgson, Kelley Lee, and Nick Drager 38 The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Grant-Making Programme for Global Health 302 David McCoy, Gayatri Kembhavi, Jinesh Patel, and Akish Luintel Part VI Questions 306 Part VII Globalization, INGOs, and Civil Society 309 Introduction 310 39 The Emergence and Transformation of the International Women’s Movement 314 Nitza Berkovitch 40 The Evolution of Debates over Female Genital Cutting 319 Elizabeth Heger Boyle 41 Women’s Human Rights and the Muslim Question: Iran’s One Million Signatures Campaign 326 Rebecca L. Barlow 42 World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Non-Governmental Organization 334 John Boli and George M. Thomas 43 Closing the Corruption Casino: The Imperatives of a Multilateral Approach 342 Peter Eigen 44 Trading Diamonds Responsibly: Institutional Explanations for Corporate Social Responsibility 347 Franziska Bieri and John Boli 45 Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development 354 Ananya Roy Part VII Questions 360 Part VIII Globalization and Media 361 Introduction 362 46 Cultural Imperialism 366 John Tomlinson Contents ix 47 Mapping Global Media Flow and Contra-Flow 376 Daya Kishan Thussu 48 Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia 383 Doobo Shim 49 Watching Big Brother at Work: A Production Study of Big Brother Australia 389 Jane Roscoe 50 Bollywood versus Hollywood: Battle of the Dream Factories 397 Heather Tyrrell 51 Why Hollywood Rules the World, and Whether We Should Care 405 Tyler Cowen Part VIII Questions 411 Part IX Globalization and Religion 413 Introduction 414 52 Bin Laden and Other Thoroughly Modern Muslims 418 Charles Kurzman 53 Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah 423 Olivier Roy 54 The Christian Revolution 429 Philip Jenkins 55 American Evangelicals: The Overlooked Globalizers and Their Unintended Gospel of Modernity 437 Joshua J. Yates 56 Globalizing Catholicism and the Return to a “Universal” Church 443 José Casanova 57 Religious Rejections of Globalization 449 Frank J. Lechner Part IX Questions 455 Part X Globalization and Identity 457 Introduction 458 58 Moral Choices and Global Desires: Feminine Identity in a Transnational Realm 461 Ernestine McHugh 59 Global/Indian: Cultural Politics in the IT Workplace 469 Smitha Radhakrishnan x Contents 60 Strategic Inauthenticity 476 Timothy D. Taylor 61 Orange Nation: Soccer and National Identity in the Netherlands 481 Frank J. Lechner 62 Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture 486 Ulf Hannerz 63 World Citizenship Defined 492 World Service Authority Part X Questions 495 Part XI Global Environmentalism 497 Introduction 498 64 Greenpeace and Political Globalism 502 Paul Wapner 65 Environmental Advocacy Networks 510 Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink 66 Toward Democratic Governance for Sustainable Development: Transnational Civil Society Organizing around Big Dams 519 Sanjeev Khagram 67 Ozone Depletion 526 Pamela S. Chasek, David L. Downie, and Janet Welsh Brown 68 Forest Stewardship Council 531 Kristina Tamm Hallström and Magnus Boström 69 Speech of the IPCC Chairman, Rajendra K. Pachauri, at the opening session of the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland 538 Rajendra K. Pachauri Part XI Questions 541 Part XII Alternative Globalization and the Global Justice Movement 543 Introduction 544 70 Counterhegemonic Globalization: Transnational Social