Do-it-Yourself Smart Experiences ITEA 2 project 08005 Requirements specification and state-of-the-art D2.1 Editor: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Contributors: Vicente Hernández Díaz, UPM Mario Lopez-Ramos, Thales Guillermo Miranda Álamo, I&IMS Diego Cansado Mansilla, UAH María Ángeles Sanguino González, ATOS Origin Yacine Gharmi-Doudane, ENSIIE Claudio Forliviesi, ALU Marisa Escalante, ESI Security: Public Version: 1.2 Date: December 22, 2009 Number of pages: 81 D2.1 Requirements specification & state of the art V1.2 History Version Date Person, Partner Comment 0.1 07.10.2009 Vicente Hernandez, UPM TOC for WSN. 0.2 12.11.2009 Mario Lopez-Ramos, Thales Global TOC, first iteration. 0.3 13.11.2009 Marisa Escalante, ESI TOC Modification 0.4 13.11.2009 Miguel S. Familiar, UPM TOC Modification and Abstract 0.5 16.11.2009 Diego Casado Mansilla, UAH TOC Modification and UAH contributions 0.6 26.11.2009 Yacine Gharmi-Doudane, ENSIIE TOC Modification 1.0 22.12.2009 Vicente Hernández, UPM 1st Draft for reviewing 1.1 24.04.2010 Vicente Hernández, UPM 2nd Draft for reviewing 1.2 03.06.2010 Mario Lopez-Ramos, Thales Formatting updates Abstract This is the SoA of devices and actuators technologies, capabilities, drawbacks, innovative approaches and challenges that are closely related to DiYSE. Smart environment systems, for achieving its goals, must gather information about objects surroundings by means of sensors and must also be able to make such surroundings evolve to the desired conditions by means of actuators. This document shows present sensors and actuators technologies capabilities related to DiYSE as well as the challenges and requirement specification that DiYSE must meet. © DiYSE Consortium 2/81 D2.1 Requirements specification & state of the art V1.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Scope of this document and link with other deliverables .......................... 6 1.2 Objectives of work package 2 within the DiYSE project ............................ 7 1.3 Objectives and structure of this document ................................................. 7 2 DIYSE DEVICES AND USAGES ........................................................................ 8 2.1 Inventory of existing classes of devices ..................................................... 8 2.2 Types of device usages and interactions .................................................... 9 2.2.1 Data acquisition ........................................................................................ 9 2.2.2 Actuation................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 Localization..............................................................................................10 2.2.4 Identification ............................................................................................10 2.3 References ....................................................................................................10 3 INTEGRATING DEVICES IN THE DIYSE PLATFORM.....................................12 3.1 Device connectivity ......................................................................................12 3.1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks Communication Standards............................13 3.1.2 Comparison of Communication Standards ..............................................18 3.1.3 Wireless Sensor Networks.......................................................................19 3.2 Device identification and addressing..........................................................23 3.2.1 IP Networking ..........................................................................................23 3.2.2 Non IP Networks......................................................................................24 3.3 Device discovery, presence and lifecycle ..................................................24 3.4 Device description and modeling................................................................25 3.5 Device data acquisition and control............................................................30 3.5.1 Device-specific networking ......................................................................30 3.5.2 IP-based data acquisition and device control ..........................................31 3.6 Device authentication and authorization ....................................................31 3.6.1 Authentication and authorization in a IP network.....................................31 3.6.2 Non-IP networks and security..................................................................32 3.7 Device interoperability .................................................................................32 3.8 References ....................................................................................................34 4 PROCESSING DATA FROM DEVICES ............................................................38 © DiYSE Consortium 3/81 4.1 Virtual sensors..............................................................................................38 4.2 In-door localization .......................................................................................39 4.2.1 Estimation Distance Techniques..............................................................40 4.3 Identification .................................................................................................45 4.3.1 RFID Systems..........................................................................................46 4.3.2 WLAN ......................................................................................................46 4.3.3 Bluetooth .................................................................................................46 4.3.4 Zigbee......................................................................................................46 4.3.5 Artificial Vision .........................................................................................46 4.4 Information Exposition to Application Layer .............................................46 4.5 References ....................................................................................................48 5 WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORKS FOR DIYSE.................53 5.1 Middleware for wireless sensor networks (UPM).......................................53 5.1.1 Distributed Systems and Middleware.......................................................53 5.1.2 Middleware approaches for Sensor Networks .........................................53 5.1.3 Context-Aware Middleware Approaches..................................................55 5.2 In-network reasoning and data fusion ........................................................56 5.3 Services Management in Wireless Sensor Networks (UPM).....................57 5.3.1 Service Provisioning in Sensor Networks ................................................58 5.3.2 Execution Environments ..........................................................................59 5.4 Wireless Sensor Networks Management ....................................................60 5.4.1 Management protocols ............................................................................61 5.4.2 Management frameworks ........................................................................61 5.5 Multimedia Wireless Sensor Networks (ENSIIE) ........................................62 5.6 Event-Centric Wireless Sensor Networks...................................................63 5.7 Security in Wireless Sensor Networks........................................................63 5.7.1 Vulnerabilities and Security Requirements in WSN .................................63 5.7.2 Security approaches ................................................................................64 5.7.3 Security Services Infrastructure...............................................................66 5.8 References ....................................................................................................67 6 DO-IT-YOURSELF DEVICES ............................................................................74 6.1 Existing hardware platforms........................................................................74 6.1.1 Phidgets kits ............................................................................................74 6.1.2 Arduino microcontroller kits .....................................................................74 6.1.3 Embedded GNU/Linux-based devices.....................................................76 6.2 Challenges for the ease of integration........................................................77 6.2.1 IP devices ................................................................................................77 6.2.2 Computer peripherals ..............................................................................78 6.2.3 Networked non-IP devices.......................................................................79 6.3 References ....................................................................................................80 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope of this document and link with other deliverables The DiYSE project has three State of the Art (SOTA) documents covering the different tools, techniques, methods and environments that may be used to provide a DiYSE platform. These documents present the same pool of elements from different points of view. Due to this SOTA partition, it will be needed to link some of the sections from one of