OpenFlight® Scene Description Database Specification Version 15.7.0 April, 2000 USE AND DISCLOSURE OF DATA ©MultiGen-Paradigm® Inc., 2000. All rights reserved. MultiGen Inc. is the owner of all intellectual property rights, including but not limited to, copyrights in and to this book and its contents. The reader of this book is licensed to use said contents and in- tellectual property in any lawful manner and for any lawful purpose; said license is non-exclusive and royalty-free. This book may not be reproduced or distributed in any form, in whole or part, without the express written permission of MultiGen-Par- adigm Inc. 550 S. Winchester Blvd., Suite 500, San Jose, CA 95128 Phone (408) 261-4100 Fax (408) 261-4103 Copyright © 2000 MultiGen-Paradigm® Inc. All Rights Reserved. OpenFlight Scene Description Database Specification,v15.7.0 (April, 2000) MultiGen-Paradigm Inc. (MultiGen-Paradigm) provides this material as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a par- ticular purpose. MultiGen-Paradigm may make improvements and changes to the product described in this manual at any time without notice. MultiGen-Paradigm assumes no responsibility for the use of the product or this manual except as expressly set forth in the applicable MultiGen-Paradigm agreement or agreements and subject to terms and con- ditions set forth therein and applicable MultiGen-Paradigm policies and procedures. This manual may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Periodic changes are made to the information contained herein: these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the manual. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including, but not limited to, photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior written permission of Mul- tiGen-Paradigm. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause and DFARS 52.227-7013 and in similar clauses in the FAR and NASA FAR Supplement. MultiGen, OpenFlight, and Flight Format are registered trademarks of MultiGen-Paradigm Inc. DfadGen, GameGen, GameGen II, OpenGame, SmartScene, TakeFlight, and the MultiGen-Paradigm logo are trademarks of MultiGen-Paradigm Inc. 3D Studio is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe System, Inc., which may be registered in certain jurisdictions Alias/Wavefront is a trademark of Alias/Wavefront, a division of Silicon Graphics Canada Limited. 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Contents Chapter 1 OpenFlight® Scene Description......................................................... 7 Document Conventions .............................................................................................. 7 Concepts Supported in OpenFlight............................................................................. 7 Database Hierarchy .................................................................................................... 7 Instancing ................................................................................................................... 9 Replication ................................................................................................................. 9 Bounding Volumes................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1 OpenFlight File Format ..................................................................... 11 OpenFlight Record Types......................................................................................... 11 Control Records ....................................................................................................... 12 Node Primary Records ............................................................................................. 15 Ancillary Records..................................................................................................... 54 Palette Records......................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 2 Texture Files.................................................................................... 101 Texture Pattern Files .............................................................................................. 101 Texture Attribute Files ........................................................................................... 101 Chapter 3 Road Path Files................................................................................ 109 Chapter 4 Road Zone Files............................................................................... 111 Chapter 5 Linkage Editor Parameter IDs ........................................................ 113 Vertex Parameters .................................................................................................. 113 Face Node Parameters ............................................................................................ 113 Object Node Parameters......................................................................................... 114 LOD Node Parameters ........................................................................................... 115 Group Node Parameters ......................................................................................... 115 DOF Node Parameters............................................................................................ 116 Sound Node Parameters ......................................................................................... 117 Switch Node Parameters......................................................................................... 118 Text Node Parameters ............................................................................................ 118 Light Source Node Parameters ............................................................................... 119 Clip Node Parameters............................................................................................. 119 Chapter 6 OpenFlight Opcodes ....................................................................... 121 Valid Opcodes........................................................................................................ 121 Obsolete Opcodes................................................................................................... 124 Description ............................................................................................................. 127 Continuation Record............................................................................................... 127 Header .................................................................................................................... 129 Mesh Overview ...................................................................................................... 129 MultiTexture Overview .......................................................................................... 135 ADOPTER REGISTRATION AGREEMENT FOR OPENFLIGHT® SCENE DESCRIPTION DATABASE SPECIFICATION The purpose of this agreement is to enable third parties who agree to adopt the MultiGen-Paradigm® Inc. OpenFlight Scene Description Database Specification, on a non-exclusive basis, to receive ongoing access to technical updates to OpenFlight. Registered "Adopters" will also receive marketing support onMultiGen-Paradigm's World Wide Web (WWW) site once your product is completed. To become a registered adopter, complete and sign this registration form and return to MultiGen-Paradigm Inc., 550 S. Winchester Boulevard, Suite 500, San Jose, CA 95128, Attn: OpenFlight Registration, or fax the completed form to (408) 261-4103. , whose place of business is (hereinafter "User") desires to obtain a copy of the OpenFlight Scene Description Database Specification (hereinafter "OpenFlight.") OpenFlight contains information belonging to MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc., a California corporation located in San Jo- se, California. The parties wish to define their rights with respect to OpenFlight. Therefore, it is agreed as follows: OpenFlight is the property of MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc. and is protected under the copyright and trademark laws of the United States of America. MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc. hereby grants to User a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited right to use OpenFlight as follows: a. For reading OpenFlight into a computer program or database for in-house use, or as a feature of a com- mercial product. b. For writing data from a computer program or database into OpenFlight for in-house use or as a feature of a commercial product. Any attempt to sub-license, assign, or transfer all