INSULAR DIVERSITY Architecture · Culture · Identity Erich Lehner Astrid Roenig in Indonesia Technische Universität Wien, Austria Österreichisch-Indonesische Gesellschaft, Austria Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Hermann Mückler Hubert Feiglstorfer Universität Wien, Austria Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Ulrike Herbig Erich Lehner · Irene Doubrawa · Ikaputra (eds.) T. Yoyok Wahyu Subroto Technische Universität Wien, Austria Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Mai Lin Tjoa-Bonatz Gabriele Weichart Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Universität Wien, Austria Mina Elfi ra Petra Gruber Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia transarch Vienna, Austria Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Pietro Scarduelli Ethiopian Institute for Architecture, Building Construction and City Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Arlette Ziegler Mia Mechler Alain Viaro Eugenius Pradipto Centre for Asian Studies at the Graduate Institute of International Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Studies, Geneva, Switzerland Punto Wijayanto Jerome Feldman Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Indonesia Hawai’i Pacifi c University, Honolulu, United States of America Ikaputra Dwita Hadi Rahmi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Rony Gunawan Sunaryo Andrea Rieger-Jandl Universitas Kristen Petra, Surabaya, Indonesia Technische Universität Wien, Austria Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Dyah Titisari Widyastuti Peter Ferschin Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Technische Universität Wien, Austria Al‘Aswad Monika Di Angelo Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia Technische Universität Wien, Austria Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari Wiwik Setyaningsih Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Irene Doubrawa Wahyu Utami Technische Universität Wien, Austria Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria DOC-scholarship holder of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Ismudiyanto Ismail Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Y. Djarot Purbadi, Sudaryono & Achmad Djunaedi Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University, Indonesia Renate Bornberg Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Christoph Müller Werner Schulze Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Internationales Harmonik Zentrum, Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, Austria Ferenc G. Zámolyi Technische Universität Wien, Austria Florentinus Suryanto Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture, Vienna, Austria Universität Wien, Austria INSULAR DIVERSITY Architecture · Culture Identity in Indonesia Published by Institute for Comparative Research in Architecture IVA-ICRA, Vienna, Austria and Department of Architecture and Planning Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, Indonesia 00-0_cover_insular_diversity.indd-0_cover_insular_diversity.indd 1 110.03.20130.03.2013 116:24:366:24:36 Y. Djarot Purbadi : The Sacred Triangle of the Kaenbaun Vernacular Settlement THE SACRED TRIANGLE OF THE KAENBAUN VERNACULAR SETTLEMENT IN TIMOR - INDONESIA by Y. Djarot Purbadi a Sudaryono & Achmad Djunaedi b a Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia; b Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Introduction The spatial confi guration of vernacular settlements is Madanipour's (1996) "socio-spatial” concept states that an interesting research topic: it becomes the entry point spatial confi guration is the spatial relationships between for understanding the culture and local wisdom of a so- objects, events and people. Purbadi (2010) through re- ciety, especially its spatial behaviour, thoughts and val- search on the spatial confi guration of Kaenbaun village, ues. The concept of spatial confi guration has become an invented the "socio-spiritual spatial" concept. The spa- interesting discourse among scholars, who understand tial confi guration of the Kaenbaun settlement comprises architecture in the paradigm of human existence. For Ra- four key elements, namely: the relationships between poport (1977), with his concept of "socio-spatial", spatial nature, man, ancestors and God. The concept of the spa- layout consists of the spatial relationships between hu- tial confi guration of Kaenbaun is unique, since it refers mans and objects, while Hillier’s (1989) "spatial culture" directly and explicitly to local culture, explaining its dif- concept affi rms that spatial layout is the relationship be- ference from the other concepts of spatial confi guration tween humans and artifacts. Like Rapoport and Hillier, (see Fig. 1). Fig. 1: Comparing Kaenbaun Spatial Confi guration with other concepts. (Source: Purbadi 2010, p. 647) 177 22-11-11 PPurbadiurbadi aarticlerticle ccorr.inddorr.indd 117777 110.03.20130.03.2013 117:06:367:06:36 Y. Djarot Purbadi : The Sacred Triangle of the Kaenbaun Vernacular Settlement Fig. 2: Location and map of Kaenbaun village with its physical surroundings. (Source: Purbadi 2010) Kaenbaun village is a vernacular settlement built by duction (Sudaryono 2003; Purbadi 2010). The “Husserl the Dawan tribe and developed by them from genera- Paradigm” guides researchers to look intensively and to tion to generation, using the customs and guidance of focus phenomenologically on the object of study to fi nd their ancestors (Purbadi 2010). Kaenbaun village is a its essence (Peursen 1988; Bertens 1990). The inductive unique phenomenon because the design of its spatial process refl ects empirical and abstract elements at the confi guration integrates the surrounding natural ele- same time (Sudaryono 2003; Purbadi 2010) and is a way ments such as contours, mountains or hills, pastures, to gradually fi nd and understand local spatial phenom- gardens, forests and springs. The spatial confi guration ena. The aim of induction is to discover and understand of the Kaenbaun settlement is strictly based on the the relationships between local data, and proceeds by guidance and experiences of the tribe’s ancestors. For step-by-step unitization, categorization, and formula- example, traditional ceremonies are held to accom- tion of the themes and concepts that explain each other pany decision-making processes at every level: by the (Purbadi 2010). Refl ections coupled with induction in individual, the clan and all the inhabitants of the village stages lead to a comprehensive picture of the physical (Purbadi 2005). The spatial confi guration of the Kaen- reality and visual, rational and transcendent phenomena baun settlement is based on local culture and wisdom, of the spatial confi guration of the Kaenbaun settlement. namely the socio-spirituality of the Dawan people which The research on which this paper is based was obser- is based on their clan confi guration (Purbadi 2010). vation in the fi eld, to capture the phenomena of the spatial The spatial confi guration of Kaenbaun village is com- confi guration of Kaenbaun village directly, including phys- posed of elements of a strong spiritual transcendence ical-visual, rational and transcendent realities (Muhajir and is expressed by the people’s spatial behaviour (Pur- 1989; Husserl in Hamersma 1983; Purbadi 2010). In con- badi 2010). The existence of the sacred triangle of Kaen- ducting research in the fi eld, the researcher visited almost baun is an important part of the concept of socio-spatial every corner of Kaenbaun and recorded everything with a spirituality, especially in the spatial behaviour and spa- digital camera, in order to capture the physical reality of its tial confi guration of the settlement. Empirical evidence spaces. To understand the villagers’ thoughts on various shows that the sacred triangle of Kaenbaun, which is subjects, the researcher also conducted interviews and composed of the faotkana (sacred stone), the oekana held informal conversation with many Kaenbaun families. (sacred spring) and the umesuku (sacred clan house), is The researcher also participated in various ceremonies that an important reference for the design of the spatial con- were held during his stay in Kaenbaun, either as a main fi guration in the Dawan settlement (Purbadi 2010). The actor or just as a participant. Participation in traditional rit- aim of this papers is to explain the role of nature and of uals was undertaken to understand the spatial behaviour the sacred triangle of Kaenbaun in the spatial confi gura- and to collect a lot of hidden information. The researcher tion of the Kaenbaun settlement. was accompanied by a number of local residents who pro- Research into the spatial confi guration of the Da- vided cultural and practical information (Spradley 1980). wan settlement of Kaenbaun is based on Husserl's phe- They also acted as translators because the researcher does nomenology paradigm, coupled with the process of in- not speak the language of the Dawan (Fig. 2). 178 22-11-11 PPurbadiurbadi aarticlerticle ccorr.inddorr.indd 117878