KJELLSTROM Sports & Recreation More than 500,000 copies sold The classic map and compass navigation guide— revised for the age of GPS NOW WITH “Required reading for the beginner in map and compass work, as well as for those .. interested in serious orienteering. In simple, clear, concise terms the basics of map and INFORMATIOINFORMATION compass work are described and illustrated.” ON GPS —George T. Hamilton, Appalachia WITH BE EXPERT ERT GPS devices are great, but they can break, get lost, or easily be hampered by XP W weather conditions or physical obstructions. That’s why basic map and compass E IT skills remain essential for anyone who spends time outdoors today. This popular, easy-to-use handbook has been helping people fi nd their way for more than E H fi fty years. Updated with current Web site information, photographs, and more, B it covers traveling by map alone, by compass alone, or by map and compass together. It features: • Clear, concise instructions for using a map and compass effectively MAP & COMPASS MAP & & COMPASS • Exercises to help you learn and practice your orienteering skills An introduction to the basics of competitive orienteering • • Useful references for further information • Tips on using your GPS device in concert with map and compass techniques MAPT & COMPASS If you’re looking to feel more comfortable in the wilderness, this book will teach H you the skills you need for safe outdoor navigation for hiking, hunting, or just K E for fun. O • • • • C The late BJORN KJELLSTROM was a Swedish champion in orienteering who O O loved to share his passion for the outdoors. His writings on the subject have been B published in several languages. He helped invent the modern protractor-based M D compass and cofounded the internationally renowned compass company Silva. P N He is credited with introducing orienteering to the United States. He was L A Third Edition E H also one of the founders of the Swedish and U.S. Orienteering Federations. TE G • • O N CARINA KJELLSTROM ELGIN developed her love of nature and of RI ERI orienteering by literally following in the footsteps of her father, Björn ENTE Kjellström, on daily childhood excursions. $18.95 USA/$22.95 CAN Third Edition .. .. BJORN KJELLSTROM Revised and Updated.. by CARINA KJELLSTROM ELGIN ISBN: 978-0-470-40765-3 EAN: 9780470407653 bindex.indd 248 10/22/09 3:55:48 PM Be Expert with MAP & COMPASS THIRD EDITION Björn Kjellström Revised and updated by Carina Kjellström Elgin John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs.indd i 10/22/09 11:39:25 AM Copyright © 1955, 1967, 1975, 1976, 1994 by Björn Kjellström. Revised edition copyright © 2010 by Carina Kjellström Elgin. Ilustrated by Newt Heisley and Associates; maps by U.S. Geological Survey and Silva Orienteering Services; photo on page 6 ©Autumn Manka, SkyWideDesign.com; photos on pages 11, 103, 105 by Katherine Elgin. 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ISBN 978-0470-40765-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffirs.indd ii 10/22/09 11:39:26 AM Contents Preface to the Third Edition v Introduction The Art (and Science) of Orienteering 1 The Map and Compass in Your Everyday Life 3 The Map and Compass in the Outdoors 5 Map and Compass for the Family 7 Map and Compass Bringing People Together 8 Using the Map and Compass in Education 9 The “Romance” of Orienteering 10 Part I Discovery: Fun with Maps Alone 11 What Is a Map? 12 What the Map Tells 20 Traveling by Map 52 Part II Exploration: Fun with the Compass 65 The Origin of the Compass 67 Compass Design Basics 73 Traveling by Compass Alone 74 Test Your Compass Skills 85 Fishing and Hunting: Special Use of Your Compass 102 iii ftoc.indd iii 10/22/09 3:46:39 PM Part III Adventure: Fun with Map and Compass 109 The Excitement of the Uncertain 112 Traveling by Map and Compass—Orienteering 126 Hints on Wilderness Orienteering 143 Part IV Challenge: Competitive Orienteering 149 The History of the Sport of Orienteering 151 Your First Orienteering Race 171 Hints on Competitive Orienteering 180 Organizing an Orienteering Event 195 Preparing the Course 196 Running an Orienteering Event 212 Answers to Tests 223 Glossary 227 Map and Compass Resources 231 Int ernational Orienteering Federation Control Descriptions 233 Index 239 Training Map Attached to Back Cover iv / Contents ftoc.indd iv 10/22/09 3:46:39 PM Preface to the Third Edition Bj ö rn Kjellstr ö m at his beloved cabin in Sweden in the 1960s. This book has been around for longer than I have, and I am “ no spring chicken, ” as they say, having just crossed that notorious half - century mark. First published in 1955, Be Expert with Map & Compass has become an institution as a guide for generations of people seek- ing important basic navigational skills. Over 500,000 copies have been sold in English - language editions, and it has been published in French, Italian, and Chinese. v flast.indd v 10/22/09 11:40:07 AM I am always pleased when I meet people from all walks of life who are familiar with, and indeed fond of, this book. From for- mer Boy Scouts to Marines to avid deer hunters to 4 - H leaders to search- and - rescue dog teams, I have been impressed by the number of people who become animated when the book is brought up. For many, it rekindles memories of the great outdoor opportunities it led them to; for others, it seems to remind them of younger, simpler days spent fi dgeting with the dials and trying to master the mystery of magnetism. Many things are different from when my late father, Bj ö rn Kjellströ m, last updated this book in 1994, with the help of one of my dear brothers, Tord. International and national - level orienteering has continued to develop into a highly technical sport, utilizing the most modern techniques and materials. Global Positioning Systems, known as GPS, were certainly not a readily available consumer item just a few years ago. This book, however, is still the ideal for anyone who wants to learn the basics of compass navigation, as it helps you get comfortable with map and compass skills and gets you ready to participate in or organize a local orienteering event. It was “ Green Bar Bill, ” Bill Hillcourt, a hero in American scout- ing circles, who initially encouraged my father to write this guide. My father had been a Championship Orienteer, on foot and on skis, in his native Sweden, though his passion was admittedly for nature and the compass, not for trophies and medals. An entrepreneur from the start, he registered the company that was to become known the world over as Silva at the ripe age of nineteen. A few years later, in 1933, he and his brother, Alvar, joined forces with another young orienteer named Gunnar Tillander. Together they made history by producing and marketing the fi rst protractor - compass, the concept of which still defi nes the modern orienteering compass today. Silva compasses became the standard, selling over 500,000 a year in the United States alone. In 1946, my father took his fi rst business trip to the United States, dur- ing which he helped Scout leaders organize the fi rst orienteering event in the United States, at Indiana Dunes State Park, near Lake Michigan. He is credited with introducing the sport of orienteering to North America, and even with coining the English word “ orienteering.