The benefits of adopting genetically modified, insect resistant (Bt) maize in the European Union (EU): first results from 1998-2006 plantings Paper written by Graham Brookes PG Economics Ltd March 2007 www.pgeconomics.co.uk Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................6 2. SPAIN ...................................................................................................................................................6 2.1 BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES .......................................................................................................6 2.2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION AREAS........................................................................................6 2.3 PEST IMPACT ON YIELD ..........................................................................................................................6 2.4 CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT .................................................................................................................6 2.5 BT MAIZE USES.......................................................................................................................................6 2.6 COST OF TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................6 2.7 YIELD IMPACT OF BT MAIZE SEED ..........................................................................................................6 2.8 FARM COST AND PROFIT IMPACTS ..........................................................................................................6 2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (USE OF INSECTICIDES)..................................................................................6 2.10 MYCOTOXINS.......................................................................................................................................6 2.11 INTANGIBLE IMPACTS...........................................................................................................................6 3. FRANCE...............................................................................................................................................6 3.1 BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES .......................................................................................................6 3.2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION AREAS........................................................................................6 3.3 PEST IMPACT ON YIELD ..........................................................................................................................6 3.4 CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT .................................................................................................................6 3.5 BT MAIZE USES.......................................................................................................................................6 3.6 COST OF TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................6 3.7 YIELD IMPACT OF BT MAIZE SEED ..........................................................................................................6 3.8 FARM COST AND PROFIT IMPACTS ..........................................................................................................6 3.9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (USE OF INSECTICIDES)..................................................................................6 3.10 MYCOTOXINS.......................................................................................................................................6 3.11 INTANGIBLE IMPACTS...........................................................................................................................6 4. GERMANY ..........................................................................................................................................6 4.1 BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES .......................................................................................................6 4.2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION AREAS........................................................................................6 4.3 PEST IMPACT ON YIELD ..........................................................................................................................6 4.4 CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT .................................................................................................................6 4.5 BT MAIZE/USES ......................................................................................................................................6 4.6 COST OF TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................6 4.7 YIELD IMPACT OF BT MAIZE SEED ..........................................................................................................6 4.8 FARM COST AND PROFIT IMPACTS ..........................................................................................................6 4.9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (USE OF INSECTICIDES)..................................................................................6 4.10 MYCOTOXINS.......................................................................................................................................6 4.11 INTANGIBLE IMPACTS...........................................................................................................................6 5. CZECH REPUBLIC............................................................................................................................6 5.1 BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES .......................................................................................................6 5.2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION AREAS........................................................................................6 5.3 PEST IMPACT ON YIELD ..........................................................................................................................6 5.4 CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT .................................................................................................................6 5.5 BT MAIZE USES.......................................................................................................................................6 5.6 COST OF TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................6 5.7 YIELD IMPACT OF USING BT MAIZE SEED................................................................................................6 5.8 FARM COST AND PROFIT IMPACT ............................................................................................................6 5.9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (USE OF INSECTICIDES)..................................................................................6 5.10 MYCOTOXINS.......................................................................................................................................6 2/39 5.11 INTANGIBLE IMPACTS...........................................................................................................................6 6. PORTUGAL.........................................................................................................................................6 6.1 BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES .......................................................................................................6 6.2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION AREAS........................................................................................6 6.3 PEST IMPACT ON YIELD ..........................................................................................................................6 6.4 CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT .................................................................................................................6 6.5 BT MAIZE USES.......................................................................................................................................6 6.6 COST OF TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................................................................6 6.7 YIELD IMPACT OF USING BT MAIZE SEED................................................................................................6 6.8 FARM COST AND PROFIT IMPACT ............................................................................................................6 6.9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (USE OF INSECTICIDES)..................................................................................6 6.10 MYCOTOXINS.......................................................................................................................................6 6.11 INTANGIBLE IMPACTS...........................................................................................................................6 7. POLAND...............................................................................................................................................6 7.1 BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES .......................................................................................................6 7.2 EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION AREAS........................................................................................6 7.3 PEST IMPACT ON YIELD ..........................................................................................................................6