Introduction arack obama was a young man, only twenty-one at the time. B But he must have known what was going on in Chicago. He had to. It was a major development in the scheme of things that would change his life forever. His buddy David Axelrod was there, right in the thick of it. He had the mustache too, and he was very young. He was a hotshot new reporter for the Chicago Tribune, fresh out of the University of Chicago. He seemed to be everywhere in the campaign, his byline appearing almost every day in the Trib. The kid was learning about race and politics. He would become a pre- mier political consultant and the maker of a president. It was 1983, the time when the African American voter came alive in Chicago. Oh, the black man had a right to vote in America. The voting rights act of the Johnson Administration had settled that. And yes, some blacks had been elected mayor in big cities: Carl Stokes in Cleveland, Richard Hatcher in Gary, Indiana, Coleman Young in Detroit and others. But many of those cities were in decline, torn by rioting and unrest. Whites had fled those cities. Chicago was different. Chicago was a booming place. There was some white flight, but a large portion of the white ethnic population had held its ground. So it was a city deeply divided by race. The geographical dividing lines were major streets. And you could drive along one of these thoroughfares and see it. The Polish, the Irish, the Italians are over there. The brothers are over that way. Blacks were part of the Democratic Machine in Chicago. They had a slice of the pie. But for many, the feeling was, “The boss man 1 has given us some nice scraps from his table.” African Americans “Peter, I’m going to win this election and I want to hire you as my came out to vote, but it was a controlled Machine vote and a kind press secretary. The city can’t afford to pay you what NBC is pay- of apathy had settled over the rest of the population. Things were ing you but I’ll make up the difference from my own pocket. If I get still the same and the “white man was still a bitch with his shit” in elected I’ve got to have people around me I can trust and I think Chicago. So, while the Democratic Party got the vote it wanted, you’re that type of person.” everybody else on the South Side and the West Side stayed home. “Bernie, I’ve got six kids. Some of them are still in high school. I’d Things were about to change. have to move into the city. There’s no way I could do this. And you I’m standing on the street on the near Northwest Side of Chicago shouldn’t be making an offer like this to me today. I’m a reporter when I see Bernie Epton approaching me. He has just finished a covering your campaign. It’s a conflict of interest.” news conference about his plans to improve housing and schools. I said that last part loud because several reporters were moving There must be close to a hundred photographers and reporters dis- closer to us, all of them on the eario. persing and now here’s Bernie coming toward me. Actually, I was flattered by Bernie Epton’s offer. I had been in the It was early April and still overcoat cold in Chicago. Bernie was news business for twenty years and I was becoming disillusioned. running for mayor. Can you believe it? A Jewish Republican from We were always trying to tear the politicians down, destroy them, the intellectual neighborhood around the University of Chicago really. It was a badge of honor if you could dig up some scandal on and he’s a nose hair away from winning the election just a couple somebody, knock him out of a race, even better if you could get of weeks away. Now he’s walking my way and I’m a little nervous somebody indicted and then, the super bowl trophy, send a politi- because there’s still a lot of media around and I’m trying to figure cian to jail. out what he wants with me. My problem was I liked most of the politicians I covered. Does The news media had come from all over the world to cover this that sound crazy? I really did. Yeah, there were some bad ones. I’m wild campaign. Just that morning a reporter from Australia rushed not that goofy. And I covered enough cases in the federal court to up to me: “Is he really as big a racist as they make him out to be?” I know that on occasion one of them needed to go to jail. But I found told him I didn’t think so, but by this time I wasn’t sure what was most of them were like the rest of us, loaded with flaws, stumbling going on. Bernie was being portrayed as a racist; there was no doubt along, trying to get it halfway right. about that. It didn’t help that his campaign had come up with that Take the candidates for mayor in 1983. They weren’t all that bad. nasty slogan: EPTON, BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE. What the hell Bernie Epton, for example, the guy who wanted me to be his was that all about? Most African Americans and many others took press secretary. I really didn’t know much about him until he ran it to mean: EPTON, BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE AND CHICAGO for mayor. He was in the legislature, and I knew him only as the HAS A BLACK MAYOR. Now Bernie was in front of me. guy frequently observed leaning back in his big leather chair on “Pete, how much money do you make?” the House floor with a hot white towel covering his head. He had “What?” suffered from severe headaches for years. One time he passed out “I want to know how much you make. Are you under a contract on the House floor. Worried colleagues rushed to his side. One of to NBC?” them was Bruce Douglas, a dentist from the North Side of Chicago. “Bernie, what the hell are you talking about? Why are you asking “Get that dentist out of here,” Bernie gasped as he came around. me this?” “I don’t need a dentist.” Bernie was OK then, just a fainting spell. Oh, yeah, he had a real dry sense of humor. But the headaches 2 introduction introduction 3 continued. The headaches, I thought, may have had something to anybody knew about plantation politics, it was Harold. He grew up do with his service in World War II. Bernie had flown 25 bombing with it. His father had been in it. The Democratic organization was missions over Europe and been awarded two Distinguished Flying his life blood. He even sided with Mayor Daley when Dr. Martin Crosses. There were many combat veterans serving in the Illinois Luther King, Jr., came to town in the mid-60s. But Harold had a House with Bernie in the 1970s, including a Congressional Medal mid-life course change and began to denounce machine politics, of Honor winner, Clyde Choate from Anna, Illinois. exhorting the African American community to rise up and become The incumbent in the race for mayor in 1983 was Jane Byrne. an independent force in Chicago politics. Harold Washington She was a real character. When Jane was in office, there were no would be a candidate for mayor in 1983. slow news days in Chicago. In terms of smart and crafty, Jane prob- Harold came with a fabulous smile, quick wit and cool rhetorical ably had more raw talent than any of the other candidates. But she style. He too was a World War II veteran who had served in the certainly had no adequate preparation for managing a city the size Army Air Corps in the South Pacific, helping to build air strips on of Chicago. And she frequently made the mistake of taking advice the islands leading to Japan. But he also had some baggage. He from her husband, a former newspaperman, Jay McMullen. Byrne’s had spent thirty-six days in jail for failing to file income tax returns. chances of getting elected mayor in 1979 were close to zero, but a And the state had once suspended his law license for failing to show 100-year snow storm greeted Chicago in the new year. The snow up in court for clients who had paid him fees. A friend said these didn’t start to melt until Election Day in February, and Chicagoans events came at a down time in Harold’s life. But he was back now. went to the polls to vent their anger at the Democratic Machine And newspaper columnist Mike Royko noted that Harold didn’t and send that crazy little lady with the blonde wig to the fifth floor owe the government much money. He hadn’t made that much. He of City Hall. just didn’t file the returns. I liked Jane. She was refreshing. In contrast to the tight-lipped It seemed everybody in the 1983 race for mayor was trying to organization Democrats, Byrne was famous for off-the-cuff procla- make a comeback of sorts. So was Richard M. Daley. He was the mations as she walked down the hallway.