A SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL EVALUATION ABOUT THE END-OF-LIFE-MANAGEMENT OF LEFTOVER PAINT IN AMSTERDAM Unubold Altanchimeg 4525795 MSc Industrial Ecology Delft University of Technology and Leiden University Technology, Policy and Management – TU Delft Supervisor: Dr.ir. J.N. Quist Co-supervisor: B. Sprecher TU Delft- impact for a better society 1 Table of Content List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Preface ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Circular Economy ................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Producer responsibility......................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Waterbased paints ................................................................................................................ 12 1.4. Waste Paint in the Netherlands ........................................................................................... 14 1.5. Case-study context Amsterdam .......................................................................................... 14 1.6. Changing the End-of-Life strategy for waste paint............................................................... 15 1.7. Research gap ......................................................................................................................... 16 1.8. Research questions ............................................................................................................... 17 1.9. Relevance for Industrial Ecology .......................................................................................... 17 2. Literature review ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Business model ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Sustainable Business Models ................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Closed-Loop Supply Chains.................................................................................................. 21 2.4 Global practices in waste paint management ........................................................................ 24 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 28 3. Framework, methodology and tools ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Conceptual framework ........................................................................................................ 29 3.2 System boundaries and assumptions..................................................................................... 33 3.3 Introduction SBM Scenarios ................................................................................................. 33 3.4 Data gathering ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.5 Data analysis .......................................................................................................................... 35 4. Results ............................................................................................................................................................................. 36 4.1 Waste paint management practices globally ........................................................................ 36 4.2 Sustainable Business Modelling for Amsterdam scenarios. .................................................. 40 4.2.1. Business-as-usual / Waste-to-Energy ................................................................................... 42 2 4.2.2. Reuse .................................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.3. Remanufacturing ................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.4. SBM analysis .......................................................................................................................... 49 4.3 Limiting factors ..................................................................................................................... 54 4.4 Transferability ....................................................................................................................... 57 5. Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60 5.1 Limitations of the methodology ............................................................................................... 60 5.2 Limitations of the framework ...................................................................................................... 61 5.3 Linking research to literature and future research ...................................................................... 61 6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................... 63 6.1 Recommendations..................................................................................................................... 65 References ................................................................................................................................................................................ 66 Annex ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 73 Annex 1: Paint quantity per waste collection point ...................................................................... 73 Annex 2: AkzoNobel training about reuse paint model ............................................................... 74 Annex 3: Kick-off opening in store Rataplan, Amsterdam......................................................... 77 Annex 4: Marketing materials ....................................................................................................... 78 Annex 5: Quantity and percentage of paint reused ..................................................................... 79 Annex 6: Expected quantity and percentage of remanufactured paint ....................................... 80 Annex 7: List of experts involved in the project.......................................................................... 81 Annex 8: Calculations / annex ...................................................................................................... 82 Annex 9: Business Case Business-as-usual ................................................................................... 85 Annex 10: Business Case Reuse ................................................................................................... 87 Annex 11: Business Case Remanufacturing ................................................................................. 89 3 List of Figures FIGURE 1-1:THE CRADLE TO CRADLE MODEL (SOURCE: INNOCHEM, 2006). ......................................................................... 10 FIGURE 1-2: THE THE BUTTERFLY DIAGRAM (SOURCE: ELLEN MAC ARTHUR FOUNDATION). .................................................... 11 FIGURE 1-3: TYPICAL PAINT FORMULATION (PERCENT BY VOLUME) (SOURCE: PPP, 2004) ...................................................... 13 FIGURE 1-4:WASTE COLLECTION POINTS IN AMSTERDAM (AEB, 2017. ................................................................................ 15 FIGURE 2-1: THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (SOURCE: OSTERWALDER & PIGNEUR, 2010). .................................................... 19 FIGURE 2-2: THE PROCESS OF A CLOSED LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN (BLOEMHOF ET AL., 2012). ......................................................... 22 FIGURE 2-3: KEY PROCESSES OF CLOSED LOOP SUPPLY CHAINS (KOPPIUS ET AL., 2011). ........................................................... 23 FIGURE 2-4: PRODUCT REMANUFACTURING MATRIX (SOURCE: ATASU ET AL., 2010). ............................................................. 24 FIGURE 2-7: END-OF-LIFE OPTIONS WASTE PAINT (HOUSHAMAND ET AL., 2013). .................................................................