Inter-Ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Security Human in the Balkans Tolerance Religious Reconciliation, Inter-Ethnic Inter-Ethnic Inter-Ethnic Reconciliation, Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance Inter-Ethnic Religious Tolerance and Human Security and Human Security in the Balkans Reconciliation, in the Balkans Proceedings of the Second ECPD Proceedings of the Second ECPD International Conference Religious Tolerance International Conference and Human Security in the Balkans Proceedings of the Second ECPD International Conference Editors: Takehiro Togo/Jeffrey Levett/Negoslav P. Ostojić EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT ISBN 978-86-7236-049-3 of the University for Peace established by the United Nations Inter-Ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans Proceedings of the Second ECPD International Conference Belgrade, October 27–28, 2006. Editors: Takehiro Togo/Jeffrey Levett/Negoslav P. Ostojić EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT of the University for Peace established by the United Nations Published by European Center for Peace and Development (ECPD) of the United Nations University for Peace Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd; tel: (+381 11) 3246-041, 3246-042, fax: 3240-673, 3234-082; e-mail: [email protected] For the publisher: Negoslav P. Ostojić, ECPD Executive Director Editor in chief: Takehiro Togo / Jefrey Levett / Negoslav P. Ostojić Editorial Board: Takehiro Togo Negoslav P. Ostojić Todor Mirković Jeffrey Levett Yves-Rastimir Nedeljković Darko Tanasković Bojan Starec Design Nataša Ostojić-Ilić Copy editing Vera Gligorijević Number of copies 1 000 in English ISBN 978-86-7236-049-3 Printed by: Belgrade, 2007. © All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher Preface Inter-Ethnic Reconciliation, Religious Tolerance and Human Security in the Balkans Proceedings of the Second ECPD International Conference The Second ECPD International Conference on “National Reconciliation, Ethnic and Religious Tolerance – RECONCILIATION AND HUMAN SECURITY – in the Balkans”, was held in Belgrade, on 27-28 October, 2006. The Conference formed part of the ECPD project „National Rec- onciliation, Ethnic and Religious Tolerance in the Balkans“ being derived from the ECPD major long-term research and educational programme “The Balkans in the 21st Century – The Ways Leading to Peace and Sta- bility in the Balkans”. Within the scope of this project, the First ECPD Conference (Sym- posium) was held in Belgrade, on 28-29 October, 2005. The Conference had 80 participants and 20 observers. The Proceedings of the Conference were published and widely distributed. The Second Conference was pre- ceded by the formation and the first meeting of the ECPD International Permanent Study Group – its first meeting was held in Sveti Stefan (Mon- tenegro), on 17 June 2006. Both events as well as the Second Conference had the same aim: to contribute to the improvement of the national/in- terethnic reconciliation and inter-religious tolerance in the Balkans as a vital prerequisite for building a lasting peace and stability in the region. The Second Conference had 86 participants and eight observers. The participants came from all Balkan countries, most other European coun- tries and several non-European countries, including Japan and the Unit- ed States. Among them, there were well-known academicians: Vladeta Jerotić (Serbia), Paskal Milo (Albania); Vladimir Stipetić (Croatia); Boris Shmelev (Russia), and Dragan Vukčević and Branislav Šoškić (Montene- gro); many high-ranking officials and diplomats: Yasushi Akashi (former Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Former Yugosla- via), Peter Bas-Backer (Senior Deputy, High Representative, OHR, B&H), Sir James Mancham (founder and the first president of the Republic of Seyshelles), Nano Ružin (Macedonian Ambassador to NATO), Song, Yong Cheol (President of the Universal Peace Federation, the European Chapter), Mark Brann (Secretary General of the European UPF Chapter), Preface iii H.E. Tadashi Nagai (Ambassador of Japan to Serbia and Montenegro), H.E. Professor Darko Tanasković (Ambassador of Serbia and Montene- gro to the Holy See), H.E. Ambassador Wolfgang Wolte (Austrian Soci- ety for European Policy), Milorad Ščepanović (Ambassador, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Montenegro), Milomir Mihaljević (Advisor to the Prime Minister of Montenegro). The participants in the Conference were also professors from numerous universities, including Belgrade and Niš (Ser- bia), Zagreb (Croatia), Podgorica (Montenegro), Sarajevo and Banja Luka (B&H), Skopje (Macedonia), Vienna (Austria), Trieste (Italy), West Eng- land (UK), Saint Paul (Canada); Georgetown (Washington, D.C), Purdue (Indiana), Johns Hopkins (New York), Madrid (Spain) and others. Direc- tors of several research institutes or research centres also took part in the Conference: Armand Clesse (IEIS, Luxembourg), Boris Shmelev (Center for Political Research, Russian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Valen- tin Yakushik (Institute for European Studies, Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine) and others. The presence of the leaders of all three main religions in the region: Archbishop Stanislav Hočevar, Mufti Hadži Hamdija Jusufspahić and the President of the Belgrade Christian Center, Professor Radovan Bigović, was especially important. The Conference was chaired by H.E. Takehiro Togo, President of the ECPD Academic Council, and co-chaired by H.E. Yasushi Akashi, Sir James Mancham, H.E. Ambassador Wolfgang Wolte, Academicians Boris Shmelev and Vladimir Stipetić, and H.E. Ambassador Darko Tanasković. The opening of the Conference and its work were given comprehensive coverage by electronic and print media. The organization and work of the First ECPD Study Group Meeting and the Second Conference were supported and/or financially helped by Tokyo Club, Tokyo; Government of Montenegro; Universal Peace Foun- dation – European Chapter, and the Municipal Assembly of the City of Belgrade. The editors and the publisher wish to thank the sponsors for their generous help in the organization of these very important events. We are especially grateful to H.E. Takehiro TOGO for his tremendous efforts geared to the organization and managing of these events. We also express our gratitude to the high representatives of the religious denominations who briefly addressed the Conference and took part in its work. We also wish to thank the distinguished persons such as H.E. Yasushi Akashi, Sir James Mancham, Boris Shmelev, Wolfgang Wolte, Dragan Vukcevic, Peter Bas-Backer and others who took part in the Conference for their great contribution to its work and promotion. We are greatly indebted to all iv Proceedings of the ECPD International Conference other participants who presented their statements and/or took part in the discussions and made this event very successful. We expect the support and participation of interested institutions and individuals in the further ECPD activities focussed on the promo- tion of reconciliation and tolerance, peace and development in the Balkan region. The Editors Preface v Contenst PREFACE iii INTRODUCTION ix LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xvii Takehiro TOGO: OPENING ADDRESS xxi CHAIRMAN’S CONCLUDING REMARKS xxvi I Chapter − BALKAN’S PROBLEMS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT 1 Yasushi AKASHI GREETINGS AND OBSERVATION OF THE BALKANS IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT 3 Sir James Mancham GREETINGS SPEECH 7 Vladimir STIPETIĆ WEST BALKAN ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION, 1989–2005 9 Wolfgang WOLTE FURTHER BUILDING EUROPEAN UNION AND THE BALKAN COUNTRIES 20 Valentin YAKUSHIK ADMINISTRATIVE RESTRUCTURING OF INTER-REGIONAL AND INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS: CONFRONTING TYPES OF SOLUTIONS 23 Yves-Rastimir NEDELJKOVIĆ PEACE EDUCATION BY UNITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS, ABILITIES, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES − Based on the Anthropology, History of Morality and Cultures 31 Damir KUKIĆ THE BALKANS: FROM HERE TO THE PAST 45 Pavle B. BUBANJA PEACE IS THE NEW IDEA OF THE HUMAN WORLD 54 Srdjan CVIJIC THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE STABILITY PACT FOR SEE IN THE RECONCILIATION PROCESSES IN THE SEE REGION 61 Jeffrey LEVETT HEALTH WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF HUMAN SECURITY 63 Samir BANOOB THE HUMAN RIGHTS FOUNDATION 79 II Chapter – EXPERIENCES OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES IN RECONCILIATION AND TOLERANCE 93 vi Proceedings of the ECPD International Conference Charles INGRAO DEMOCRACY & DISSOLUTION: THE CASE OF FORMER YUGOSLAVIA 95 Branislav GOŠOVIĆ YUGO-NOSTALGIE − FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE PROBLEMATIQUE OF WEST BALKANS 98 Svetozar LIVADA THE NEGATION AND DESECRATION OF THE VICTIM 135 Miroslav JOVANOVIĆ Serbia and the European Union − HOW MUCH DOES THE EUROPEAN UNION NEED SERBIA AND HOW MUCH DOES SERBIA NEED THE EUROPEAN UNION? 144 Mila ALEČKOVIĆ-NIKOLIĆ IN THE NAME OF EUROPE: WHAT ERRORS WERE MADE IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTION TAKEN IN THE BALKANS, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SERBIAN DIASPORA 167 Azem VLLASI SOLVING THE POLITICAL STATUS OF KOSOVO − AN IMPORTANT CONDITION FOR NORMALIZING THE ALBANIAN-SERBIAN RELATION IN THE BALKANS 175 Dragan K. VUKČEVIĆ FROM THE FORTRESS TO THE BRIDGE 179 Milomir MIHALJEVIĆ APPROACH OF THE MONTENEGRO TO THE RECONCILIATION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 182 Nano RUŽIN NATO AS ICONOGRAPHY OF TOLERANCE AND DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE RELIGIONS IN THE BALKANS − THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 184 Tihomir JOVANOVSKI ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL, INTER-ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS AND RECONCILIATIONS 187 Islam YUSUFI “PROGRESS IN NATIONAL RECONCILIATION IN MACEDONIA”