York Student Health Needs Assessment June 2017 This report was produced by Dr Victoria Turner (Public Health Specialty Registrar, City of York Council) on behalf of York Health & Wellbeing Board. Work on the Student Health Needs Assessment (SHNA) project was carried out between September 2016 and June 2017. For more information about the report and related projects please contact Nick Sinclair (JSNA lead) at: [email protected] Public Health Team City of York Council West Offices Station Rise York YO1 6GA Author’s contact: [email protected] 2 Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 List of figures ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Graphs ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9 Aim & Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 10 National context ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 2: How was the SHNA conducted? .................................................................................................. 13 Method ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Limitations ................................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 3: What is the impact of students in York?...................................................................................... 17 Higher York institutions ............................................................................................................................. 18 The demographics of the student population in York ............................................................................... 20 Where in York do students live?................................................................................................................ 23 Student interactions with the city ............................................................................................................. 27 Chapter 4: What services are available for students? ................................................................................... 29 University and College services ................................................................................................................. 29 York services .............................................................................................................................................. 31 Student use of health services .................................................................................................................. 36 Chapter 5: What are the key student health issues? .................................................................................... 40 Mental health ............................................................................................................................................ 40 Mental Wellbeing .................................................................................................................................. 41 Mental Ill Health .................................................................................................................................... 49 Suicide and Self-Harm ........................................................................................................................... 60 Sexual health ............................................................................................................................................. 63 3 Harassment and domestic abuse .............................................................................................................. 66 Disabilities and other long term health conditions ................................................................................... 70 Meningitis .................................................................................................................................................. 73 Dental health ............................................................................................................................................. 76 Chapter 6: What other factors do students report affect their health? ....................................................... 78 Alcohol ....................................................................................................................................................... 78 Drugs .......................................................................................................................................................... 82 Smoking ..................................................................................................................................................... 85 Sleep .......................................................................................................................................................... 88 Physical activity ......................................................................................................................................... 91 Diet ............................................................................................................................................................ 94 Wider determinants .................................................................................................................................. 97 Academic issues ..................................................................................................................................... 97 Finance................................................................................................................................................. 100 Housing ................................................................................................................................................ 104 International students ............................................................................................................................. 107 Chapter 7: Next Steps .................................................................................................................................. 110 ‘You said... we did...’ ................................................................................................................................ 110 What challenges does York face around student health? ....................................................................... 112 Recommendations ................................................................................................................................... 117 Action Plan ........................................................................................................................................... 117 Summary of recommendations ........................................................................................................... 118 What other work exists in York on related topics? ................................................................................. 123 Stakeholders/acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 125 Glossary ....................................................................................................................................................... 126 References ................................................................................................................................................... 127 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 136 Appendix 1: Student survey questions .................................................................................................... 136 Appendix 2: Focus group questions and findings .................................................................................... 141 4 Appendix 3: Community cafe questions and findings ............................................................................. 147 Appendix 4: International student café findings ..................................................................................... 149 Appendix 5: Stakeholder survey questions and results .......................................................................... 152 Appendix 6: University staff focus group findings