Joum'af of Range Vhnag"nt TABLE OF CONTENTS: VOL. 56, NO. 2, March 2003 FEATURE ARTICLE 106 State and transition modeling: An ecological process approach by Tamzen K. Stringham, William C. Krueger, and Patrick L. Shaver 114 Development and use of state-and-transition models for rangelands by Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Joel R. Brown, Kris M. Havstad, Robert Alexander, George Chavez, and Jeffrey E. Herrick Grazing Management 127 Hay-meadows production and weed dynamics as influenced by man- agement by Daniele Magda, Jean-Pierre Theau, Michel Duru, and Francois Coleno 133 Moderate and light cattle grazing effects on Chihuahuan Desert rangelands by Jerry Holechek, Dee Galt, Jamus Joseph, Joseph Navarro, Godfrey Kumalo, Francisco Molinar, and Milt Thomas Measurement/Sampling 140 A digital photographic technique for assessing forage utilization by P.W. Hyder, E.L. Fredrickson, M.D. Remmenga, R.E. Estell, R.D. Pieper, and D.M. Anderson 146 An index for description of landscape use by cattle by Haitao Zuo and Mary S. Miller-Goodman Hydrology 152 Hydrologic and sediment responses to vegetation and soil distur- bances by J.H. Giordanengo, G.W. Frasier, and M.J. Trlica Improvement 159 Woody vegetation response to various burning regimes in South Texas by Donald C. Ruthven III, Anthony W. Braden, Haley J. Knutson, James F. Gallagher, and David R. Synatzske Plant/Animal 167 Stocking rate effects on goats: A research observation by Miguel Mellado, Raul Valdez, Laura M. Lara, and Ramiro Lopez Published bimonthly-January, March, May, July, 174 Mineral concentration dynamics among 7 northern Great Basin September, November grasses by Dave Ganskopp and Dave Bohnert Copyright 2003 by the Society for Range Management Plant Ecology INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION is by membership in 185 Vegetation dynamics from annually burning tallgrass prairie in the Society for Range Management. different seasons by E. Gene Towne and Ken E. Kemp LIBRARY or other INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIP- TIONS on a calendar year basis are $140.00 for Reclamation the United States postpaid and $165.00 for other countries, postpaid. Payment from outside the 193 Prescribed fire effects on dalmation toadflax by James S. Jacobs and. United States should be remitted in US dollars by international money order or draft on a New York Roger L. Sheley bank. 198 Overcoming dormancy in New Mexico mountain mahogany seed BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE, concerning collections by Lee S. Rosner, John T. Harrington, David R. Dreesen, and subscriptions, advertising, reprints, back issues, and related matters, should be addressed to the Leigh Murray Managing Editor, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, Colorado 80228. Book Reviews EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE, concerning manuscripts or other editorial matters, should be 203 The Politics of Precaution: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing addressed to the Editor, Gary Frasier, 7820 Stag Countries By Robert L. Paarlberg; Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Hollow Road, Loveland, Colorado 80538. Page proofs should be returned to the Production Editor, Region Edited by Barbara Tellman 3059A Hwy 92, Hotchkiss, CO 81419-9548.. INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS appear on the inside back cover of most issues. THEJOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT (ISSN 0022-409X) is pub- lished bimonthly for $56.00 per year by the Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Ste 230, Lakewood, Colorado 80228. PERIODICALS POSTAGE paid at Denver, Colorado and additional offices. POSTMASTER: Return entire journal with address change-Address Service Requested to Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, Colorado 80228. PRINTED IN USA Editor-In-Chief Associate Editors HAFERKAMP H. RALPHS SAM ALBRECHT GERALD L. ANDERSON USDA-ARS USDA-ARS 445 Union Blvd., Ste 230 USDA-ARS Fort Keogh-LARRL Poisonous Plant Lab Lakewood, Colorado 80228 1500 N. Central Ave. 243 Fort Keogh Rd. E 1400 N (303) 986-3309 Sidney, Montana 59270 Miles City, Montana 59301 Logan, Utah 84341-2881 Fax: (303) 986-3892 e-mail address: R. JAMES ANSLEY ROBERT LYONS LARRY REDMON sam_albrecht@ rangelands.org Texas Agricultural Texas A&M University TAREC Editor/Copy Editor Experiment. Station Agricultural Research & P.O. Drawer E GARY FRASIER/JO FRASIER P.O. Box 1658 Extension Ctr. Overton, Texas 74684 7820 Stag Hollow Road Vernon , Texas 76385 P.O. Box 1849 Loveland, Colorado 80538 Uvalde, Texas 78802 NEIL RIMBEY University of Idaho e-mail address: KLAAS BROERSMA 16952 S. 10th Ave. [email protected] Agriculture Agri-Food ROBERT A. MASTERS and Canada Caldwell, Idaho 83607 Production Editor 3015 Ord Rd. Dow AgroSciences LLC 3618 South 75th Street PATTY RICH Kamloops, British Columbia CAROLYN HULL SIEG Lincoln, Nebraska 68506 Society for Range Management V2B 8A9 CANADA S.W. Science Complex 3059A Hwy 92 2500 South Pine Knoll Hotchkiss, Colorado 81419-9548 DAVID ELDRIDGE MITCHEL McCLARAN Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 e-mail address: Dept. Land and Water Conserv. University of Arizona [email protected] School of Geography 301 Biological Science East STEVE WARREN Book Review Editor University of New South Wales Tucson, Arizona 85721-0001 Colorado State University DAVID L. SCARNECCHIA Sydney, New South Wales Center for Environmental M. ANNE NAETH Dept of Natural Res. Sci. 2052 AUSTRALIA Management of Military Land University of Alberta Washington State University Dept. of Forestry Sciences Pullman, Washington 99164-6410 ROBERT GILLEN Dept. Renewable Resources Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 e-mail address: USDA-ARS 751 General Services Bldg. scarneda @ mail.wsu.edu Southern Plains Range Res. Sta. Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1 CANADA Electronic JRM Editor 200018th Street M. KEITH OWENS Woodward, Oklahoma 73801 Texas A&M University ROBERT PEARCE Research Center ELAINE E. GRINGS 5028 Highway 6 1619 Garner Field Road USDA-ARS Bishop, California 93514 Ulvade, Texas Fort Keogh-LARRL e-mail address: 243 Fort Keogh Rd. [email protected] Miles City, Montana 59301 THE SOCIETY FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT, founded in 1948 as the American Society of Range Management, is a nonprofit association incorporated under the laws of the State of Wyoming. It is recognized exempt from Federal income tax, as a scientific and educa- tional organization, under the provisions of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and also is classed as a public foundation as described in Section 509(a)(2) of the Code. The name of the President Society was changed in 1971 by amendment of the Articles of Incorporation. BOB BUDD The objectives for which the corporation is established are: Red Canyon Ranch 350 Red Canyon Rd -to properly take care of the basic rangeland resources of soil, plants, and water; Lander, Wyoming 82520-9417 develop an understanding of range ecosystems and of the principles applicable to the 1st Vice-President -to MORT KOTHMANN management of range resources; Texas A&M University assist all who work with range resources to keep abreast of new findings and Dept. Rangeland Ecology & Mgt. -to College Station, Texas 77843-0001 techniques in the science and art of range management; 2nd Vice-President -to improve the effectiveness of range management to obtain from range resources the ANGELA WILLIAMS products and values necessary for man's welfare; USDA-NRCS RR1 Box 108 -to create a public appreciation of the economic and social benefits to be obtained from Paolia, Oklahoma 73074-9772 the range environment; Executive Vice-President -to promote professional development of its members. SAM ALBRECHT 445 Union Blvd. Suite 230 Membership in the Society for Range Management is open to anyone engaged in or interested in Lakewood, Colorado 80228-1259 any aspect of the study, management, or use of rangelands. Please contact the Executive Vice- (303) 986-3309 President for details. Fax: (303) 986-3892 e-mail address: samalbrecht_rangelands.org Directors 2001-2003 is a publication of the Society for Range JOHN TANAKA The Journal of Range Management Eastern Oregon Agr. Res. Center-Union Management. It serves as a forum for the presentation and discussion of facts, ideas, and philosophies P.O. Box E pertaining to the study, management, and use of rangelands and their several resources. Accordingly, all Union, Oregon 97883 material published herein is signed and reflects the individual views of the authors and is not necessari- GREG TEGART ly an official position of the Society. Manuscripts from anyone-nonmembers as well as members-are BCMAFF welcome and will be given every consideration by the editors. Editorial comments by an individual are 1690 Powick Rd, Suite 2000 also welcome and, subject to acceptance by the editor, will be published as a "Viewpoint." Kelowna, BC V 1 X 7G5 CANADA In Cooperation With: Some of the articles appearing in The Journal of Range Management (JRM) 2002-2004 are presented in cooperation with The American Forage and Grassland Council (AFGC). JOHN MALECHEK A This cooperation consists of JRM acceptance of professional papers in forage grazing man- FG Utah State University agement and related subject areas from AFGC members and the appointment of 2 AFGC Dept. of Rangeland Resources UMC 5230 affiliated associate editors to JRM's Editorial Staff. The American Forage and Grassland Logan, Utah 84322-0001 Council Offices: P.O. Box 94, Georgetown, Texas 78627; Larry Jeffries, President; Dana Tucker, MARTIN VAVRA Executive Secretary. EOARC HC 71 Box 451, Hwy 205 Burns, Oregon 97720-9807 Society for Range Management may accept donations of real 2003-2005 Contribution Policy: The JEFF BURWELL and/or personal property subject to limitations set forth by State and Federal law. All donations shall be 655 Parfet Street subject to management by the Executive Vice President as directed by the Board of Directors and their Room E2000 discretion in establishing and maintaining trusts, memorials, scholarships, or other types of funds. Lakewood, Colorado 80215 Individual endowments for designated purposes can be established according to Society policies. Gifts, bequests, legacies, devises, or donations not intended for establishing designated endowments will be ALLEN RASMUSSEN College of Agr. & Human Sciences deposited into the SRM Endowment Fund.