SPRING EQUINOX 2021 William Seven Editor Volume 8 Number 1 SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL ASTRONOMY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST In this issue: SCAAS Turns 10 in 2021 By Greg Munson • SCAAS Turns 10 in 2021 The tenth anniversary of the establishment of our • Fewkes Digital Archive Project Society as a Colorado Nonprofit Corporation with federal • Hopi Ceremonial Cycle tax-exempt status is this year on September 26, 2021. With • Pueblo Bonito East West Alignment its roots in the Conference on Cultural Astronomy in the • Memorial Tribute American Southwest (CAASW), established by Todd • SCAAS Connects2U Bostwick, Bryan Bates and Ken Zoll, the Society for Cultural • Amazon Smiles and SCAAS Astronomy in the American Southwest, Inc. (SCAAS) came • Request for Newsletter Articles to symbolize the effort to bring research on cultural • SCAAS Financial Summary astronomy into the mainstream of anthropological studies. The Society has a strong focus and mission to support well- designed research and education on astronomical and traditional cultural knowledge regarding the cultures of the Greater American Southwest, past and present. CAASW conferences and workshops in 2009, 2010 and 2011 formed the foundation for the association of the group that came together to form the Society. Continued conferences and workshops in 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2019 built upon the prior successes and formed lasting ties with major academic institutions. But it was the 2016 conference at Crow Canyon Archaeological Center that marked a fundamental shift in how the Society approached our work in cultural astronomy. There we had a greater focus on taking note of the perspective of Native American and Indigenous peoples and devoted a full “Day of Listening” to the endeavor. The seeds planted in 2016 blossomed into a full set of traditional knowledge conferences held at the Native American Cultural Center of Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff in April 2019. Significant recognition and support made this multi-disciplinary conference a huge success where we hosted about 100 participants many of whom represented eight different tribal and indigenous groups. We have much to be proud of from our last ten years of effort. Most important are the number of researchers, professional and avocational, that we have helped develop their craft and approach to conducting meaningful research. Publication of peer-reviewed research results is an integral part of the success of an organization such as ours. Here we have excelled; first with the publication of Astronomy and Ceremony in the Prehistoric Southwest: Revisited – Collaborations in Cultural Astronomy from our 2011 CAASW conference at the University of New Mexico. We ultimately grew to create our own publishing house – SCAAS Multimedia Publications. Its first publication, Beyond Borders: Revealing the Greater Southwest’s Ancestral Cultural Landscape, is from the 2016 Crow Canyon conference and is currently available on Amazon. With the importance of traditional cultural knowledge forcing a change in approach during our 2019 conference, we edited videos of native speakers, recorded with permission, into the SCAAS 2019 Conference Video Series now available on the Society’s new YouTube Channel, SCAAS.Connects2U. The educational videos are available free of charge and the books are available at the SCAAS Bookstore. 1 SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL ASTRONOMY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST SPRING EQUINOX 2021 The next ten years look to be even brighter. We are now embarking on special projects to digitize the archival collections of Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes and increase our partnerships with other organizations and events. We are now working with Grand Canyon National Park to sponsor their upcoming 2021 Star Party – stay tuned. Such growth necessitates an inward look at improving operations and member services. New ideas include developing a semi-annual publication series. Of course, we will continue to plan for future conferences and workshops in whichever technological or personal format the day permits. Zoom membership meetings and group events will lead the way to the days where we can gather again under the skies of the Greater American Southwest to once again share the stories of the people and places that continue to bring us humans together. Fewkes Digital Archive Project – Update By Greg Munson and Ray Williamson With its relaunch in fall 2020, the Fewkes Digital Archive Project strives to digitize the records of Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes held at the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. These records contain notebooks, photograph collections and associated manuscripts that shed an important light on the early days of Southwestern archaeology and ethnography in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Much of the data in these records is unpublished in anthropological reports of the era. As raw data, much of it can be used in the documentation and stabilization of the archaeological sites excavated by Fewkes. More important, they are a record of the peoples he studied. His published interpretations were limited, whereas the records themselves reveal a richer fabric of traditional knowledge preserved in their pages. This project’s goal is to recover those pages and return them to the indigenous peoples Fewkes studied and to researchers who can use them to further illuminate Southwestern archaeology and anthropology. The ultimate goal of the project is to digitize all of the records at the NAA. This is a serious undertaking expected to cost over $150,000.00. A pilot project is needed to go the NAA to establish the working relationships, establish the project scope and processes and examine records that we think may provide the most benefit to the Native American tribes where Fewkes worked in the 1890s. With an estimated cost of $7,500.00, this pilot project will send three people to the NAA in the fall of 2021. We anticipate the group including a Native American consultant to advise on the appropriate processes and sensitivity of information. Our goal for SCAAS donations is $5,000.00. To date we have raised $1,330.00 from our membership for this project. The project was featured in our Winter 2020 newsletter. So that you can have up-to-date information on the progress of the project, our Society website now has a Fewkes Archive page. Here we detail the project, track fundraising goals, provide a link to make online donations and a form for donations by mail. Soon we will be revealing some of the records that we digitized such as Fewkes’ 1915 notebook on the excavation and repair of Sun Temple at Mesa Verde National Park, correspondence between Fewkes and Alfred Kidder exploring the beginnings of what is now known as Southwestern Archaeology and documents that reveal what may be some of the first scientific instruments used in the indigenous Southwest. Please visit this page often and support the project. Fewkes Digital Archive Project 2 SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL ASTRONOMY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST SPRING EQUINOX 2021 Member Recognition By Greg Munson, SCAAS Membership Chair The Society would like to welcome and thank our newest Patron level member, Gerald Vincent of Cortez, CO. Gerald has been a long enthusiast of the Society and we want to thank him for his continued support. Additional Patron members are Bryan Bates, Ray Williamson and Michael Zeilik. Each Patron has supported the Society with a $500.00 three-year membership. The Society has two Lifetime members, Travis Ambruster for donations of more than $5,000.00 to the Society and Gregory Munson for a life of service to the organization. The membership of the Society is a strong and diverse group spanning the nation from coast-to-coast. Eight Founder level members remain, the others have converted to other membership levels or departed for now. Carol Ambruster and Bernard Bell will forever remain in our hearts as perpetual In-Memoriam members of the Society. Three Full and 45 Associate members form the foundation of the Society that will carry us forward into the future. We thank each and every one of you for your support over the last ten years and look forward to serving you in the future. Is the Hopi Ceremonial Cycle Seasonally Marked by Male and Female Responsibilities? Bryan Bates I have spent innumerable hours reading ethnographies of the Hopi and had come to the conclusion, based on available documents, that the Kivas and ceremonial cycle of the Hopi was controlled by men. This seemed reasonable, even after my conversations with different Hopi cultural leaders. Yet, as we know, “seeming reasonable” and “being true” are very different. In the spring of 1997, Shelby Coody, U.S. Forest Service, led me to a little known and difficult to get to petroglyph site. While the main panel captured my eyes, off to the side was a large spiral petroglyph (“spiral”) inscribed into a basalt boulder. (Photo 1) It was evident from the near perfect-circle grooves that the creator had tremendous patience and taken great care. Photo1: Larry Hendricks. Bryan Bates Mar. 21, 2014 at the Solar calendar at Rarick Canyon. Leah Coffman, a high school junior who attended one of my lectures, asked to learn archaeoastronomy and joined me in documenting this site. Besides the hours at the site, we also read innumerable archaeological articles at the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) archives where she happened upon an article addressing the women’s ceremonies. (Fewkes & Owens, The LalaKonTo: A Tusayan Dance, American Anthropologist, Vol.15, 1892.) Leah continued researching with me and, with her supportive mother as chaperone, she became the youngest presenter in archaeoastronomy as of the1999 VI Oxford Conference in Tenerife, Canary Islands. 3 SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL ASTRONOMY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST SPRING EQUINOX 2021 Leah’s discovery led me to review my research documentation finding that all of the late 1800’s and early-mid 1900’s ethnographers and archaeologists were men.