Reportable Disease Surveillance in Virginia, 2013 Marissa J. Levine, MD, MPH State Health Commissioner Report Production Team: Division of Surveillance and Investigation, Division of Disease Prevention, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, and Division of Immunization Virginia Department of Health Post Office Box 2448 Richmond, Virginia 23218 www.vdh.virginia.gov ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In addition to the employees of the work units listed below, the Office of Epidemiology would like to acknowledge the contributions of all those engaged in disease surveillance and control activities across the state throughout the year. We appreciate the commitment to public health of all epidemiology staff in local and district health departments and the Regional and Central Offices, as well as the conscientious work of nurses, environmental health specialists, infection preventionists, physicians, laboratory staff, and administrators. These persons report or manage disease surveillance data on an ongoing basis and diligently strive to control morbidity in Virginia. This report would not be possible without the efforts of all those who collect and follow up on morbidity reports. Divisions in the Virginia Department of Health Office of Epidemiology Disease Prevention Telephone: 804-864-7964 Environmental Epidemiology Telephone: 804-864-8182 Immunization Telephone: 804-864-8055 Surveillance and Investigation Telephone: 804-864-8141 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 Data Summary Tables ......................................................................................................................3 DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REPORTABLE DISEASES Amebiasis .......................................................................................................................................14 Anthrax ..........................................................................................................................................16 Arboviral Infection.........................................................................................................................17 Botulism .........................................................................................................................................20 Brucellosis......................................................................................................................................21 Campylobacteriosis ......................................................................................................................22 Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) ..........................................................25 Chancroid .....................................................................................................................................27 Chickenpox (Varicella) ..................................................................................................................28 Chlamydia trachomatis Infection ..................................................................................................30 Cholera ...........................................................................................................................................32 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease .............................................................................................................33 Cryptosporidiosis ...........................................................................................................................34 Cyclosporiasis ................................................................................................................................37 Diphtheria ......................................................................................................................................38 Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis .............................................................................................................39 Escherichia coli Infection, Shiga Toxin-Producing.......................................................................42 Giardiasis .......................................................................................................................................44 Gonorrhea ......................................................................................................................................47 Granuloma Inguinale .....................................................................................................................50 Haemophilus influenzae Infection, Invasive ..................................................................................51 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ..................................................................................................54 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ........................................................................................................55 Hepatitis A .....................................................................................................................................56 Hepatitis B, Acute ..........................................................................................................................58 Hepatitis C, Acute ..........................................................................................................................60 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) ....................................................................................................................63 Influenza ........................................................................................................................................67 Lead - Elevated Blood Levels in Children .....................................................................................74 Legionellosis ..................................................................................................................................77 Leprosy (Hansen Disease) .............................................................................................................80 Listeriosis .......................................................................................................................................81 Lyme Disease .................................................................................................................................83 Lymphogranuloma Venereum .......................................................................................................86 Malaria ...........................................................................................................................................87 Measles ..........................................................................................................................................90 i Meningococcal Disease .................................................................................................................91 Monkeypox ....................................................................................................................................93 Mumps ...........................................................................................................................................94 Ophthalmia Neonatorum ................................................................................................................97 Outbreaks .......................................................................................................................................98 Pertussis .......................................................................................................................................110 Plague ...........................................................................................................................................112 Poliovirus Infection, Including Poliomyelitis ..............................................................................113 Psittacosis .....................................................................................................................................114 Q Fever.........................................................................................................................................115 Rabies ...........................................................................................................................................116 Rubella .........................................................................................................................................120 Salmonellosis ...............................................................................................................................121 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) ............................................................................125 Shigellosis ....................................................................................................................................126 Smallpox ......................................................................................................................................129 Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis, Including Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever .....................................130 Staphylococcus aureus Infection, Invasive, Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) ...............................133 Staphylococcus aureus Infection, Vancomycin-Intermediate (VISA) Vancomycin-Resistant (VRSA) ..............................................................................................136