Applied Ecology © WikiBooks This work is licensed under a Creative Commons-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Original source: WikiBooks http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Applied_Ecology Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1 1.1 Current State of the Book .................................................................................................1 1.2 Definition ............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Scope ...................................................................................................................................1 1.3.1 In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation Systems ...........................................................1 1.3.2 Conservation Management ...................................................................................2 1.3.3 The Endangered Resources ..................................................................................2 1.3.4 New Societies and Cultures ...................................................................................2 Chapter 2 Conservation Management ........................................................................4 2.1 Scale of Action.....................................................................................................................4 2.2 Systems Thinking................................................................................................................6 2.3 Strategies and Operations.................................................................................................8 2.4 Conservation Management Systems ............................................................................10 2.4.1 The UK Experience ...............................................................................................10 2.4.2 Data Model of a Conservation Management System (CMS) ...........................11 2.4.3 Diagram of the Planning Cycle of a CMS ...........................................................12 2.5 Scope of Conservation Management ............................................................................13 2.6 Fundamental Scientific Questions..................................................................................14 2.7 References ........................................................................................................................15 Chapter 3 Habitat Creation ........................................................................................16 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................16 Chapter 4 Agro-Ecological Systems ............................................................................19 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................19 Chapter 5 Wetland Engineering .................................................................................24 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................24 Chapter 6 Disease Transmission ................................................................................25 6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................25 Chapter 7 Breeding and Reintroduction of Rare Species ........................................29 7.1 Organisations ...................................................................................................................29 7.1.1 Botanical Gardens .................................................................................................29 7.1.2 Zoos and Other Institutions for Animal Breeding ............................................31 7.2 Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................................31 7.2.1 Biological ...............................................................................................................32 7.2.2 Socio-Economic and Legal ...................................................................................34 Chapter 8 Environmental Valuation ..........................................................................37 8.1 Humanity and Nature ......................................................................................................37 8.2 GEMS and Surveillance ...................................................................................................38 8.3 Environmental Impact Assessment ...............................................................................39 8.3.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................39 8.3.2 Guiding Principles .................................................................................................41 8.3.3 Operating Principles .............................................................................................42 8.3.3.1 Screening.....................................................................................................42 8.3.3.2 Scoping .......................................................................................................43 8.3.4 Survey ....................................................................................................................43 8.3.4.1 Mitigation ...................................................................................................45 8.3.4.2 Review for Decision-Making .....................................................................45 8.3.4.3 Decision Making ........................................................................................45 8.3.5 Management, Monitoring, Evaluation and Auditing ........................................45 Chapter 9 Nature Tourism ..........................................................................................46 9.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................46 Chapter 10 The Endangered Resources .....................................................................51 10.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................51 10.1.1 Conservation .......................................................................................................55 10.1.2 Development ......................................................................................................55 10.1.3 Networking...........................................................................................................55 10.2 Objective .........................................................................................................................56 Chapter 11 New Societies and Cultures ....................................................................57 11.1 Holistic Economics .........................................................................................................57 11.1.1 Management .......................................................................................................57 11.1.2 The Cosmic Adventure .......................................................................................59 11.2 Social Applications of Ecology ......................................................................................61 11.2.1 Cultural Ecology...................................................................................................62 11.2.2 Social Organisation ............................................................................................63 11.2.2.1 Political Ecology .......................................................................................64 11.2.2.2 Social Ecology ...........................................................................................64 11.2.2.3 The Social and the Ecological .................................................................65 11.2.2.4 An Evolving Theory .................................................................................65 11.3 Historical Models of Communitarianism.....................................................................66 11.4 Systems Thinking............................................................................................................68 Chapter 12 Case Studies ..............................................................................................71 12.1 Educating through Case Studies...................................................................................71 12.2 Nature Conservation .....................................................................................................72 12.2.1 Connecting Nature .............................................................................................72 12.2.2 Connecting People and Nature ........................................................................73 12.2.3 Connecting Nature Operations with Policies ..................................................73 12.3 Community Development .............................................................................................74 12.4 Ecological Economics ....................................................................................................75 12.4.1 Hamburger Economics ......................................................................................76