January 31, 2006 ͉ vol. 103 ͉ no. 5 ͉ 1155–1656 Proceedings of the National Academy ofPNAS Sciences of the United States of America www.pnas.org Cover image: A bilaterally deaf, homozygous merle Shetland Sheepdog with ocular coloboma. Merle is an autosomal dominant coat pattern in the dog that is characterized by patches of diluted pigment intermingled with normal melanin. Sequence analysis reveals that this phenotype results from a retrotransposon insertion in the pigmentation gene SILV. In the homozygous state, this mutation results in a wide range of phenotypic anomalies. See the article by Clark et al. on pages 1376–1381. Image courtesy of Larry Wadsworth (Texas A&M University, College Station, TX). From the Cover 1376 Retrotransposon insertion in merle patterning 1209 Sustaining metal resources 1342 Tundra plant responses to warming 1394 Heart disease genes in Drosophila 1587 Brain histone deacetylase inhibitor Contents PHYSICAL SCIENCES APPLIED MATHEMATICS THIS WEEK IN PNAS 1168 Generalized multidimensional scaling: A framework for isometry-invariant partial surface matching 1155 In This Issue Alexander M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel COMMENTARY 1633 An auxin-driven polarized transport model for phyllotaxis 1157 Teaching an old dog new tricks: SINEs of canine Henrik Jo¨nsson, Marcus G. Heisler, Bruce E. Shapiro, genomic diversity Elliot M. Meyerowitz, and Eric Mjolsness Richard Cordaux and Mark A. Batzer ➜ See companion article on page 1376 APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1353 Multicellularity and the functional interdependence PERSPECTIVE of motility and molecular transport Cristian A. Solari, Sujoy Ganguly, John O. Kessler, Richard E. Michod, and Raymond E. Goldstein 1159 Genetic polymorphism and protein conformational plasticity in the calmodulin superfamily: Two ways CHEMISTRY to promote multifunctionality Mitsuhiko Ikura and James B. Ames 1173 Stable and robust polymer nanotubes stretched from polymersomes Joseph E. Reiner, Jeffrey M. Wells, Rani B. Kishore, PROFILE Candace Pfefferkorn, and Kristian Helmerson 1165 Profile of Chikashi Toyoshima 1178 Autonomous artificial nanomotor powered by sunlight ´ Regina Nuzzo Vincenzo Balzani, Miguel Clemente-Leon, Alberto Credi, ´ ➜ See Inaugural Article on page 14489 in issue 41 Belen Ferrer, Margherita Venturi, Amar H. Flood, of volume 102 and J. Fraser Stoddart 1184 Theory of the deuterium NMR of sterol– phospholipid membranes Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Harden McConnell and Arun Radhakrishnan PNAS ͉ January 31, 2006 ͉ vol. 103 ͉ no. 5 ͉ iii–xii Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 1190 Tumor marker-responsive behavior of gels prepared BIOPHYSICS by biomolecular imprinting 1173 Stable and robust polymer nanotubes stretched Takashi Miyata, Masashi Jige, Takeshi Nakaminami, from polymersomes and Tadashi Uragami Joseph E. Reiner, Jeffrey M. Wells, Rani B. Kishore, 1194 Photocatalysis and the origin of life: Synthesis Candace Pfefferkorn, and Kristian Helmerson of nucleoside bases from formamide on 1184 Theory of the deuterium NMR of sterol– TiO2(001) single surfaces S. D. Senanayake and H. Idriss phospholipid membranes Harden McConnell and Arun Radhakrishnan 1199 Cyclodextrin-covered organic nanotubes derived from self-assembly of dendrons and their 1244 Protein structure by mechanical triangulation supramolecular transformation Hendrik Dietz and Matthias Rief Chiyoung Park, Im Hae Lee, Sanghwa Lee, Yumi Song, Mikyo Rhue, and Chulhee Kim 1248 The structure of nucleosome assembly protein 1 Young-Jun Park and Karolin Luger 1215 Networks of gold nanoparticles and bacteriophage as biological sensors and cell-targeting agents 1254 Water and ligand entry in myoglobin: Assessing Glauco R. Souza, Dawn R. Christianson, Fernanda I. the speed and extent of heme pocket hydration Staquicini, Michael G. Ozawa, Evan Y. Snyder, after CO photodissociation Richard L. Sidman, J. Houston Miller, Robert A. Goldbeck, Shyam Bhaskaran, Cheri Ortega, Wadih Arap, and Renata Pasqualini Juan L. Mendoza, John S. Olson, Jayashree Soman, David S. Kliger, and Raymond M. Esquerra COMPUTER SCIENCES 1260 Torque–speed relationship of the bacterial 1627 Computer simulations reveal properties of the cell–cell flagellar motor signaling network at the shoot apex in Arabidopsis Jianhua Xing, Fan Bai, Richard Berry, and George Oster Pierre Barbier de Reuille, Isabelle Bohn-Courseau, Karin Ljung, Halima Morin, Nicola Carraro, 1266 Crystal structure of a core spliceosomal protein interface Christophe Godin, and Jan Traas Matthew J. Schellenberg, Ross A. Edwards, Dustin B. Ritchie, Oliver A. Kent, Monika M. Golas, Holger PHYSICS Stark, Reinhard Lu¨hrmann, J. N. Mark Glover, and Andrew M. MacMillan 1204 Carbon under extreme conditions: Phase boundaries and electronic properties from first-principles theory 1272 Intrinsic backbone preferences are fully present Alfredo A. Correa, Stanimir A. Bonev, and Giulia Galli in blocked amino acids Franc Avbelj, Simona Golic Grdadolnik, Joze Grdadolnik, SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE and Robert L. Baldwin 1209 Metal stocks and sustainability 1278 Reconciling the working strokes of a single head of R. B. Gordon, M. Bertram, and T. E. Graedel skeletal muscle myosin estimated from laser-trap experiments and crystal structures BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES John Sleep, Alexandre Lewalle, and David Smith CELL BIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY 1283 Mitochondrial transfer between cells can rescue 1215 Networks of gold nanoparticles and bacteriophage aerobic respiration as biological sensors and cell-targeting agents Jeffrey L. Spees, Scott D. Olson, Mandolin J. Whitney, Glauco R. Souza, Dawn R. Christianson, Fernanda I. and Darwin J. Prockop Staquicini, Michael G. Ozawa, Evan Y. Snyder, Richard L. Sidman, J. Houston Miller, 1289 Oncogenic transformation induced by the p110␤,-␥, Wadih Arap, and Renata Pasqualini and -␦ isoforms of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase Sohye Kang, Adam Denley, Bart Vanhaesebroeck, 1221 Long-distance lateral diffusion of human Rad51 and Peter K. Vogt on double-stranded DNA Annette Grane´li, Caitlyn C. Yeykal, Ragan B. Robertson, 1295 Nitric oxide regulates endocytosis by S-nitrosylation and Eric C. Greene of dynamin 1227 The central region of HDM2 provides a second Gaofeng Wang, Nader H. Moniri, Kentaro Ozawa, binding site for p53 Jonathan S. Stamler, and Yehia Daaka Grace W. Yu, Stefan Rudiger, Dmitry Veprintsev, Stefan Freund, M. Rosario Fernandez-Fernandez, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY and Alan R. Fersht 1301 A plausible model of phyllotaxis 1233 The Kernel Energy Method: Application to a tRNA Richard S. Smith, Soazig Guyomarc’h, Therese Mandel, Lulu Huang, Lou Massa, and Jerome Karle Didier Reinhardt, Cris Kuhlemeier, and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz 1238 Structural insights into a protein-bound iron-molybdenum cofactor precursor 1307 Enigma, a mitochondrial protein affecting lifespan Mary C. Corbett, Yilin Hu, Aaron W. Fay, and oxidative stress response in Drosophila Markus W. Ribbe, Britt Hedman, Philippos Mourikis, Gregory D. Hurlbut, and Keith O. Hodgson and Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas PNAS ͉ January 31, 2006 ͉ vol. 103 ͉ no. 5 ͉ v Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 1313 Real-time imaging of the somite segmentation clock: GENETICS Revelation of unstable oscillators in the individual 1376 Retrotransposon insertion in SILV is responsible presomitic mesoderm cells for merle patterning of the domestic dog Yoshito Masamizu, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Yoshiki Takashima, Leigh Anne Clark, Jacquelyn M. Wahl, Christine A. Rees, Hiroki Nagahara, Yoshiko Takenaka, Kenichi Yoshikawa, and Keith E. Murphy Hitoshi Okamura, and Ryoichiro Kageyama ➜ See Commentary on page 1157 1319 Coupling of cell migration with neurogenesis 1382 Active digestion of sperm mitochondrial DNA in single by proneural bHLH factors living sperm revealed by optical tweezers Weihong Ge, Fei He, Kevin J. Kim, Bruno Blanchi, Yoshiki Nishimura, Tomoya Yoshinari, Kiyoshi Naruse, Volkan Coskun, Laurent Nguyen, Xiangbing Wu, Takeshi Yamada, Kazuyoshi Sumi, Hiroshi Mitani, Jing Zhao, Julian Ik-Tsen Heng, Keri Martinowich, Tetsuya Higashiyama, and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa Jifang Tao, Hao Wu, Diogo Castro, Magdi M. Sobeih, Gabriel Corfas, Joseph G. Gleeson, 1388 A mutation in the human phospholamban gene, deleting Michael E. Greenberg, Francois Guillemot, arginine 14, results in lethal, hereditary cardiomyopathy and Yi E. Sun Kobra Haghighi, Fotis Kolokathis, Anthony O. Gramolini, 1325 Essential role of B-Raf in ERK activation during Jason R. Waggoner, Luke Pater, Roy A. Lynch, Guo-Chang extraembryonic development Fan, Dimitris Tsiapras, Rohan R. Parekh, Gerald W. Dorn II, Gergana Galabova-Kovacs, Dana Matzen, Daniela Piazzolla, David H. MacLennan, Dimitrios Th. Kremastinos, Katrin Meissl, Tatiana Plyushch, Adele P. Chen, Alcino Silva, and Evangelia G. Kranias and Manuela Baccarini 1394 Drosophila as a model for the identification of 1331 Intercellular coupling amplifies fate segregation during genes causing adult human heart disease Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development Matthew J. Wolf, Hubert Amrein, Joseph A. Izatt, Claudiu A. Giurumescu, Paul W. Sternberg, Michael A. Choma, Mary C. Reedy, and Anand R. Asthagiri and Howard A. Rockman 1400 The methyl-CpG binding protein MBD1 is required ECOLOGY for PML-RAR␣ function 1337 Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids Raffaella Villa, Lluis Morey, Veronica A. Raker, Marcus forces dieting on caterpillars Buschbeck, Arantxa Gutierrez, Francesca De Santis, Kotaro Konno, Hiroshi Ono, Masatoshi Nakamura, Massimo Corsaro, Florencio Varas, Daniela