IAIA ’14 Vina del Mar– Chile 8-11 April 2014 Environmental impacts assessment in renewable energy sector C. Rosnati, R. Corbia [email protected] Outline SEA of a Municipal environmental energy plan Cumulative Effects Assessment: the missing link between theory and practise Some proposals for improving renewables sustainability The Local Administration ‘Role’ in energy planning National legislation constrains municipalities with more than 50,000 citizens to carry out an energy plan supported by SEA Large energy plants must be submitted to EIA procedure Regional Administration is the competent authority for the compatibility jugment and authorization Municipal Administrations can only express a non binding opinion on the project proposals Partecipation process in defining the goals of the plan Plenary sessions 4 Thematic groups Participants About 70 participants Results 30 proposals/actions for Municipal Energy sustainability Thematic groups Sustainable mobility Energy efficiency in PA Energy saving in the community Energy from renewables Findings: critical aspects of renewable energy production Large wind farms and ground mounted photovoltaic systems Large biomass plants with potential use of waste as complementary fuel Uncertainty of rules for the realization of PV systems in urban context Difficulties in obtaining financial gains for citizens Strategic objectives of the Plan Energy saving as the main renewable and sustainable energy source Energy production from renewables at local scale and from short supply chain Sensibilization and training Improved communication between offices and agencies for data collection and sharing to monitor the effects of energy planning at different scales Renewable energy production in Municipal territory and wide-area What could happen without a strategic planning supported by CEA European and Italian National Regulations requiring consideration of cumulative effects EC Directives Environmental Amendment Directive Habitat Directive Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment on EIA (97/11/EC) (92/43/EEC) Assessment (2001/42/EC) (EIA) (85/337/EEC) (2003/35/EC) amended by 97/62/EC Implementing EIA (L.349/86) Dlgs. 152/2006 DPR 357/97 Dlgs. 152/2006 modified by Italian application fields: Modified by amended by Dlgs.4/2008 Regulations DPCM 377/88 and Dlgs.4/2008 DPR 120/2003 12/27/88 DPR 4/12/96 Relevant Annex 3 (4): a Schedule 4 part I: a Part IV (48) An ‘appropriate EC Directive: Annex I: section of description of likely description of the likely assessment’ should be Information to be provided in regulation or significant effects of significant effects to carried out by a competent the environmental report on the directive the proposed project include cumulative authority before authorising likely significant effects to should include the effects & selection a plan or project which is include ‘cumulative and ‘cumulative’ criteria for screening likely to have significant synergistic’ effects & annex II effects of the schedule 2 effect on a European site on the criteria for determining project developments include either alone or in likely significance of effects ‘cumulation with other combination with other should include the ‘cumulative projects’ plans and projects nature of the effects’ Applications Projects Projects Projects and plans affecting Plans and programmes special Areas of Conservation Requirement Environmental Environmental Appropriate assessment Environmental Report statement statement Activities that should be included in CEA (RFFA) Hypothesized on a conceptual basis Not directly associated but induced by the project Identified in a development plan Consequent to approval of projects Projects under approval Approved projects LEVELOFUNCERTAINTY REGARDINGPROJECT REALIZATION LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY IN INCLUSION OF ACTIVITIES AS ‘R.F.F.A.’S Probable. They must be Reasonably foreseeable Inclusion depending on evaluated in CEA actions. They should be information available included in CEA Realized photovoltaic power stations Proposed photovoltaic power stations Potenza Richiedente Nome Impianto Stato Iter Autorizzativi Comune Impianto Stato dei Lavori Area (ha) (MWp) EON Fiumesanto 1 Sassari 7,95 In Iter Valutativo 20,16 Fabiani Progetto Preliminare Impianto FV loc. Sorigheddu Sassari 22,56 In Iter Valutativo 28,42 PV PLANTS THAT SHOULD BE Costruzioni 06/2009 INCLUDED IN THE CUMULATIVE Enel Green Power Impianto Alta Nurra realizzato Sassari 0,1 Realizzato 0,22 EON Fiumesanto 3 realizzato Sassari 4,7 Realizzato 10,54 Impianto FV loc. Valcerasa srl SIA Sassari 4,7 In Iter Valutativo 11,21 EFFECT ASSESSMENT (CEA) Giubbeddi/Fiumesanto Valcerasa srl Impianto FV Bacchileddu SIA Sassari 1,8 In Iter Valutativo 6,35 Valcerasa srl Impianto FV loc. Corona Romana SIA Sassari 1,45 In Iter Valutativo 3,72 Studio preliminare Enel Green Power Ampliamento impianto Alta Nurra Sassari 5,7 In Iter Valutativo 8,55 ambientale 04/2011 Studio preliminare Solviridis Campo FV sito nella Nurra Sassari 19,55 In Iter Valutativo 36,06 ambientale 06/2011 Studio preliminare EON Fiumesanto 4 Sassari 14,88 In Iter Valutativo 24,52 ambientale 09/2010 Realized Studio preliminare Terra3 srl Terra Sassari 2,74 In Iter Valutativo 4,44 ambientale 09/2010 Autorizzazione unica IB Energia srl Impianto FV Maccia d'Assona Porto Torres 5,99 Autorizzato 11,89 Authorized 02/2013 Impianto FV presso la stazione Progetto Preliminare Sungrid Porto Torres 4,1 In Iter Valutativo 13,63 elettrica di Terna 09/2009 EON Fiumesanto 2 realizzato Porto Torres 24,22 Realizzato 36,53 Under assessment MPR srl MPR realizzato Porto Torres 3,5 Realizzato 6,77 EON Fiumesanto 5 realizzato Porto Torres 11,59 Realizzato 22,28 MW realized CIP Impianto FV CIP realizzato Porto Torres 5 Realizzato 18,63 Valcerasa srl Impianto FV loc. Magone/S.Elena SIA Porto Torres 7,48 In Iter Valutativo 23,04 Impianto FV loc. Biunisi/Monti li Valcerasa srl SIA Porto Torres 2,85 In Iter Valutativo 10,71 Total MW Causi Centrale Solare di Fiumesanto 6 SIA 06/2012 Porto Torres 4,43 In Iter Valutativo 11,02 Fiumesanto Srl Studio preliminare Total ha MPH srl Impianto solare località Biunisi Porto Torres 3,45 In Iter Valutativo 3,87 ambientale 01/2012 Impianti realizzati (a Luglio 2013) 48,08 90,42 ha (realized plants) Impianti potenziali 158,74 312,56 Realized wind farms Proposed wind farms Potenza Altezza WIND PLANTS THAT SHOULD Numero Richiedente Nome Impianto Stato Iter Autorizzativo Comune Impianto torri turbine (Mw) (m) BE INCLUDED IN THE Eolo San Nicola Parco eolico Pozzo San Improcedibile RAS DEL. Stintino 20 10 80 CUMULATIVE EFFECT Srl Nicola N. 32/49 DEL 24.7.2012 ASSESSMENT (CEA) Società Parco eolico Fiumesanto Improcedibile RAS DEL. Sassari/Porto 67 27 108 energetica sarda N. 14/3 DEL 28.3.2013 Torres Sardinia Parco eolico Cantone revisione SIA 02/2011 Sassari 48 21 100 rinnovabile srl Baione Renergy Parco eolico Truncu Reale SIA 05/2013 Sassari 5 2 140 Kloss Impianto Eolico Kloss Parere contrario Sassari 54 18 90 Realized conferenza dei servizi Inergia Sardegna Puttu D’Esse SIA 09/2010 Sassari 49 15 100 Srl Authorized FERA Badde Trippida revisione SIA 01/2013 Sassari 12 4 119 Enel Green Parco eolico Alta Nurra Realizzato Sassari 12 7 78 Under assessment Power Clean Power Venti di Nurra Realizzato Sassari 9,6 3 93 MW realized Clean Power Parco eolico Rosario SIA 07/2011 Sassari 6 3 100 Total MW Siper Italia Siper Italia SIA 02/2010 Porto Torres 28 14 78 Foster Wheeler Foster Wheeler Autorizzato Porto Torres 50 18 90 Total wind turbines Impianti realizzati (a Luglio 2013) 56,6 10 Realized wind turbines Impianti potenziali 360,6 142 Small Biomass plants (semplified authorization procedure - no environmental study required) A definition of Cumulative Impacts “Impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency undertakes such other actions. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time.” Council on Environmental Quality, 1978 Biomass plants under 1 MW in Sassari territory (maybe underestimated) Biomass plant N. Operative 1 Authorized 1 Under approval 3 (semplified authorization procedure - no environmental study required) Large Biomass plant proposal Green Chemistry plant: bio-based products Biomass Power Plant Capacity: 43.5 Mwe Total Thistle biomass: 250,000 Ton/year Identified thistle supply basin UNDERLYING TERRITORY AT A RADIUS OF ABOUT 70 KM FROM THE PROPOSED PLANT SITE Identified supply basin three reasons Theoretical limit of the economic sustainability of the 1 supply (transport costs) Measurement of ‘short supply chain’ in literature and 2 legislation To benefit the area most affected socially and 3 economically by the crisis involving the agricultural food sector in the last decade Procedures used by the proponent for suitable lands assessment Land use classification Land capability classification Land Suitability classification Suitable areas using Land use classification Thistle Land Suitability Map Suitable areas Unsuitable areas Thistle Land Suitability (estimated in an 8 year period) S1 = maximum yield 18 ton/ha/year S2 = maximum yield 13 ton/ha/year S3 = maximum yield 9 ton/ha/year N1 = Temporarily unsuitable areas N2 = Permanently unsuitable areas Thistle Land suitable areas Sassari Municipality 24% 6% 70% Aree idonee coltivazione cardo Aree non idonee coltivazione RestanteSuitable area comunale areas Unsuitable areas Residual