AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW Published at The University of Texas School of Law MASS INCARCERATION AND THE DEATH PENALTY SYMPOSIUM ISSUE ARTICLES Law and Loss: Notes on the Legal Construction of Pain Meredith Martin Rountree Texas Ain't Tuscany: How a Truism Might Further Invigorate Contemporary "Cost Arguments" for Death-Penalty Abolition Gretchen Sween The Death Penalty and Mass Incarceration: Convergences and Divergences Carol S. Steiker & JordanM. Steiker VOLUME 41 SPRING 2014 NUMBER 2 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW Mass Incarceration and the Death Penalty Symposium Issue VOLUME 41 SPRING 2014 NUMBER 2 I Published at The University of Texas School of Law Copyright AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW 2014 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW Published at The University of Texas School of Law VOLUME 41 REBECA OJEDA Editor in Chief GRACE WITSIL Managing Editor SAMANTHA JARVIS SARA SCHAEFER PATRICK PRICE ChiefArticles Editor Executive Editors TIM EMMONS Editor-at-Large KATHERINE JORDAN JAMIE FELL Chief Manuscript Editor Articles Editor MAX AFRICK REBECCA MATA-LASKY JAMES BABIKIAN JACK YEH LISA ELIZONDO NEGAD ZAKY CHRISTOPHER LARSON Manuscript Editors Manuscript Editors Staff Jenna Al-Malawi Jessica Johnson Michael Redden Michael Borofsky Bryan Jones Poorav Rohatgi Worth Carroll Paul Knowlton Maritza Sanchez AnneMarie Chiarello Deanna Markowitz Theanna Sedlock Ryan Delgado Trevor Melvin Emily Schomburger Elena Esparza Michael Morehead Chris Soper Brad Estes Colleen Mulholland Alethea Anne Swift Julia Gonzalez Will Odum Nafisa Teague Jeffrey Guidry Ryan Pate Sarah Valenzuela Stancell Haigwood Rebecca Piller Russell Welch Johnathan Hinders Ethan Ranis Adam Whiteside Julia Wilson Jennifer Laurin Paul Goldman Faculty Advisor Business Manager ii SUBSCRIPTIONS The American Journal of Criminal Law (ISSN 0092-2315) is published triannually (Winter, Spring, Summer) under license by The University of Texas School of Law Publications, P.O. Box 8670, Austin, Texas 78713. The annual subscription price is $30.00 except as follows: foreign, $35.00; Texas, $32.48. Please make checks payable to the American Journal of Criminal Law. Complete sets and single issues are available from William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 1285 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14209. MANUSCRIPTS The American Journal of Criminal Law is pleased to consider unsolicited manuscripts for publication, but regrets that it cannot return them. One double-spaced, typewritten manuscript should be submitted to the attention of the Chief Articles Editor along with an electronic copy of the article in Microsoft Word format. WordPerfect submissions will not be accepted. Citations should conform to The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (19th ed. 2010). Except when content suggests otherwise, the American Journal of Criminal Law follows the guidelines set forth in the Texas Law Review Manual on Usage, Style & Editing (12th ed. 2011) and the Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed. 2003). The Journal is printed by Joe Christensen, Inc., P.O. Box 81269, Lincoln, Nebraska 68501. Views expressed in the American Journal of Criminal Law are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors or those of the faculty or administration of The University of Texas at Austin. Copyright 2014, The University of Texas School of Law Typeset by the American Journal of Criminal Law Editorial Offices: American Journal of Criminal Law University of Texas School of Law 727 Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78705-3299 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.ajcl.org Circulation Office: Paul Goldman, Business Manager School of Law Publications University of Texas School of Law P.O. Box 8670, Austin, TX 78713 (512) 232-1149 Website: http://www.texaslawpublications.com iii THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF LAW ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS WARD FARNSWORTH, B.A., J.D.; Dean, John Jeffers Research Chair in Law. JOHN B. BECKWORTH; B.A., J.D.; Associate Dean for Administration and Strategic Planning. ROBERT M. CHESNEY, B.S., J.D.; Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law. WILLIAM E. FORBATH, A.B., B.A., Ph.D., J.D.; Associate Dean for Research, Lloyd M. Bentsen Chair in Law. EDEN E. HARRINGTON, B.A., J.D.; Associate Dean for ExperientialEducation, Dir. of William Wayne Justice Ctr. for Public Interest Law, Clinical Professor. KIMBERLY L. BIAR, B.B.A.; Assistant Dean for FinancialAffairs, Certified Public Accountant. GREGORY J. SMITH, B.A., J.D.; Assistant Dean for Continuing Legal Education. MARIA M. ARRELLAGA, B.S.; Assistant Dean for Communications. MICHAEL HARVEY, B.A., B.S.; Assistant Dean for Technology. MONICA K. INGRAM, B.A., J.D.; Assistant Dean for Admissions and FinancialAid. TIM KUBATZKY, B.A.; Executive Director ofDevelopment. DAVID A. MONTOYA, B.A., J.D.; Assistant Dean for Career Services. ELIZABETH T. BANGS, B.A., J.D.; Assistant Dean for Student Affairs. FACULTY EMERITI HANS W. BAADE, A.B., J.D., LL.B., LL.M.; Hugh Lamar Stone Chair Emeritus in Civil Law. RICHARD V. BARNDT, B.S.L., LL.B.; ProfessorEmeritus. WILLIAM W. GIBSON, JR., B.A., LL.B.; Sylvan Lang Professor Emeritus in Law of Trusts. ROBERT W. HAMILTON, A.B., J.D.; Minerva House Drysdale Regents ChairEmeritus. DOUGLAS LAYCOCK, B.A., J.D.; Alice McKean Young Regents Chair Emeritus. J.L. LEBOWITZ, A.B., J.D., LL.M.; Joseph C. Hutcheson Professor Emeritus. JOHN T. RATLIFF, JR., B.A., LL.B.; Ben Gardner Sewell ProfessorEmeritus in Civil Trial Advocacy. JAMES M. TREECE, B.A., J.D., M.A.; Charles . Francis ProfessorEmeritus in Law. PROFESSORS JEFFREY B. ABRAMSON, B.A., J.D., Ph.D; Professor of Government; Professor of Law. DAVID E. ADELMAN, B.A., Ph.D., J.D.; HarryReasoner Regents Chair in Law. DAVID A. ANDERSON, A.B., J.D.; Fred & Emily Marshall Wulff Centennial Chair in Law. MARK L. ASCHER, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M.; Joseph D. Jamail Centennial Chair in Law. RONEN AVRAHAM, M.B.A., LL.B., LL.M., S.J.D.; Thomas Shelton Maxey Professor in Law. LYNN A. BAKER, B.A., B.A., J.D.; FrederickM Baron Chair in Law, Co-Directorof Center on Lawyers, Civil Justice, and the Media. MITCHELL N. BERMAN, A.B., M.A., J.D.; RichardDale Endowed Chair in Law. BARBARA A. BINTLIFF, M.A., J.D.; Joseph C. Hutcheson Professor in Law, Director of Tarlton Law Library & the Jamail Centerfor Legal Research. LYNN E. BLAIS, A.B., J.D.; Leroy G. Denman, Jr. Regents Professor in Real Property Law. ROBERT G. BONE, B.A., J.D.; G. Rollie White Teaching Excellence Chairin Law. OREN BRACHA, LL.B., S.J.D.; Howrey LLP andArnold, White, & Durkee Centennial Professor. DANIEL M. BRINKS, A.B., J.D., Ph.D.; Associate Professor; Co-Director, Bernard andAudre Rapport Center for Human Rights and Justice NORMA CANTU, B.A., J.D.; Professor of Education; Professor of Law LOFTUS C. CARSON, II, B.S., M. Pub. Affrs., M.B.A., J.D.; RonaldD. Krist Professor. MICHAEL J. CHURGIN, A.B., J.D.; Raybourne Thompson Centennial Professor. JANE M. COHEN, B.A., J.D.; Edward Clark Centennial Professor. FRANK B. CROSS, B.A., J.D.; HerbertD. Kelleher Centennial Professor of Business Law. JENS C. DAMMANN, J.D., LL.M., Dr. Jur., J.S.D.; William Stamps Farish Professor in Law. JOHN DEIGH, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.; Professor ofLaw and Philosophy. MECHELE DICKERSON, B.A., J.D.; Arthur L. Moller Chair in Bankruptcy Law and Practice. GEORGE E. DIX, B.A., J.D.; George R. Killam, Jr. Chair of CriminalLaw. JOHN S. DZIENKOWSK, B.B.A., J.D.; Dean John F. Sutton, Jr. Chair in Lawyering and the Legal Process. KAREN L. ENGLE, B.A., J.D.; Minerva House Drysdale Regents Chair in Law, Co-Directorof BernardandAudre Rapoport Center for Human Rights andJustice. JULIUS G. GETMAN, B.A., LL.B., LL.M.; EarlE. Sheffield Regents Chair. JOHN M. GOLDEN, A.B., J.D., Ph.D.; Loomer Family Professorin Law. STEVEN GOODE, B.A., J.D.; W James Kronzer Chair in Trial and Appellate Advocacy, University Distinguished Teaching Professor. LINO A. GRAGLIA, B.A., LL.B.; A. W Walker CentennialChair in Law. CHARLES G. GROAT, B.A., M.S., Ph.D.; Professor. PATRICIA I. HANSEN, A.B., M.P.A., J.D.; J. Waddy Bullion Professor. HENRY T.C. Hu, B.S., M.A., J.D.; Allan Shivers Chair in the Law of Banking and Finance. GARY J. JACOBSOHN, B.A., M.A., J.D.; Professor of Government; Professor of Law. DEREK P. JINKS, B.A., M.A., J.D.; The Marrs McLean Professor in Law. STANLEY M. JOHANSON, B.S., LL.B., LL.M.; James A. Elkins Centennial Chair in Law, University Distinguished Teaching Professor. CALVIN H. JOHNSON, B.A., J.D.; Andrews & Kurth Centennial Professor. SUSAN R. KLEIN, B.A., J.D.; Alice McKean Young Regents Chair in Law. JENNIFER E. LAURIN, B.A., J.D.; Professor. SANFORD V. LEVINSON, A.B., Ph.D., J.D.; W. St. John Garwood & W St. John Garwood, Jr. Centennial Chair in Law, Professor of Government. ANGELA K. LITTWIN, B.A., J.D.; Professor. iv INGA MARKOVITS, LL.M.; "The Friends of Joe Jamail" Regents Chair. RICHARD S. MARKOVITS, B.A., LL.B., Ph.D.; John B. Connally Chair. THOMAS 0. McGARITY, B.A., J.D.; Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long Endowed Chair in Administrative Law. LINDA S. MULLENIX, B.A., M. Phil., J.D., Ph.D.; Morris & Rita Atlas Chair in Advocacy. ROBERT J. PERONI, B.S.C., J.D., LL.M.; The Fondren Foundation Centennial Chairfor Faculty Excellence. H. W. PERRY, JR., B.A., M.A., Ph.D.; Associate Professor of Law and Government. LUCAS A. POWE, JR., B.A., J.D.; Anne Green Regents Chair in Law, Professor of Government. WILLIAM C. POWERS, JR., B.A., J.D.; President of The University of Texas at Austin, Hines H.