DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE Gyan Vihar School of Engineering & Technology Jagatpura, Jaipur A Report on “GSM ARCHITECTURE” Based on the training at Session (2010-2011) Rajasthan Technical University, Kota B.TECH-2007 Submitted To : Submitted By Mr. Rashid Hussain Puneet Gupta hod (e&c deptt.) elelctronics &comm. 1 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE INDEX SR.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1. Certificate 1.................................................................................. 4 2. Certificate 2.................................................................................. 5 3. Acknowledgement........................................................................ 6 4. Preface................................................................................ .......... 7 5. Declaration.................................................................................... 8 6. Company Profile........................................................................... 9-10 7. History of GSM............................................................................ 11-12 8. GSM System Specification........................................................... 13-14 i. Frequency Ranges 9. GSM Abbreviations...................................................................... 15-19 10. Some Facts about GSM................................................................ 20 i. Access Method ii. Narrow Band Vs Broad Band iii. Performance Characteristics Of GSM 11. GSM Services................................................................................ 21-22 i. Telephony services ii. Bearer or data services iii. Supplementary Services 12. GSM- Basic Building Blocks......................................................... 23-28 i. Mobile Station (MS) ii. Base station (BS) iii. Mobile Services Switching Centre iv. Operation And Maintenance Centre 13. Cellular Structure............................................................................ 29-31 i. Clusters ii. Types Of Cells 1. Macro Cells 2. Micro Cells 3. Selective Cells 4. Umbrella Cells 14. GSM Operation Flow Chart............................................................ 32 15. GSM Network Identifiers................................................................ 33-35 i. MSISDN ii. IMSI 2 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE iii. MSRN iv. TMSI v. IMEI vi. LAI vii. CGI viii. BSIC 16. Control Channels.............................................................................. 36 17. Location Update............................................................................... 37-38 18. Attaching & Detaching To the Network......................................... 39 i. IMSI Attach ii. IMSI Detach iii. Implicit Detach iv. MS Purging 19. Call Flow.......................................................................................... 40-43 i. Call Flow From an MS 1. Originating Call Flow ii. Call to an MS 1. Terminating Call Flow 20. Handovers......................................................................................... 44 21. Advantages of GSM.......................................................................... 45 22. GSM Applications............................................................................. 45 23. Future Of GSM.................................................................................. 45 i. Generations 1. HSCSD 2. GPRS 3. EDGE 4. WCDMA 24. References.......................................................................................... 46 3 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE 4 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE 1. Certificate(ii) This is authorized that “PUNEET GUPTA” completed his training from 12th MAY 2010 to 18th JUNE 2010 in my allowance in partial fulfillment for the Degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING. During this period he has worked on “GSM Architecture” at AIRTEL, Gurgaon. Mrs. Shweta Sharda Mr. Rashid Hussain (Presentation Incharge) Head Of Dept. Electronics & Communication 5 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE 2. Acknowledgement “I believe that hard work is the only way to success to achieve something worthy.” As a part of B.TECH (Elect. & Comm.) VIIth Semester Curriculum of Rajasthan Technical University, I have completed summer practical training in GSM Architecture. At the outset of submission of this Project report, I express our deep sense of gratitude towards Mr. Rashid Hussain H.O.D GVSET, JAIPUR for allowing me the opportunity to experience dynamic professional environment With feeling of immense gratitude and respect, I would like to thank my guides Mr. Rajender Kumar, Mr. Kamal, Mr. Uday Sharma, and Mr Lalit for their continuous support throughout this work, which has been a guiding spirit and lent a helping hand at every step of the training. I would also thank one and all who helped me in doing this work either directly or indirectly. I am grateful to my respected Circle Head Mr. Ravi Prakash and all the staff members of the AIRTEL, Gurgaon, for their constant encouragement and all those who helped us directly or indirectly in our effort. I would also like to thank all my friends who have helped, in one way or another, in the completion of this report, and helped me better understand to my training. PUNEET GUPTA 6 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE PREFACE This training report is a work that describes my training topic:- "GSM ARCHITECTURE”. My report is a fundamental work and my hard work that I have put in getting familiar with topic. This report gives basic detail about Wireless communication in aspect of the GSM technology. This report is all about “GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)” related to how cell phone services works; Technological advances have turned a simple two-way radio into a complex communication tool that millions of people use every day. I take my Practical training in Airtel, Gurgaon. During this training, I got to learn many new things about the industry and the current requirements of companies. Also I got knowledge about the transmission and receiving of signals which results in call flow. All this knowledge I got at BTS (Base Transceiver System) which we generally known as mobile tower. This training proved to be a milestone in our knowledge of present industry scenario and developing business in field of Telecommunication. Every say and every moment was an experience in itself, an experience which theoretical study can’t provide. Training is essential to groom us for practical and professional environment that we are become part of in our career. PUNEET GUPTA 7 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “GSM (Global System on Mobile communication) Architecture” is an authentic record of my own work carried out at Airtel, Gurgaon as per the requirement of ONE month Industrial Training project for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY at Gyan Vihar School Of Engineering And Technology Jagatpura, Jaipur, under the guidance of Mr. Rajender Kumar, Mr. Kamal, Mr. Uday Sharma, Mr Lalit during May 2010 to June 2010. Place: - Gurgaon PUNEET GUPTA Date:-18 -July -2010 It is certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our knowledge and belief. Date: - 18-July-2010 Training Incharge Mr. Ravi Prakash 8 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION GSM ARCHITECTURE COMPANY PROFILE Bharti Airtel Limited formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures LTD (BTVL) is an Indian company offering telecommunication services in 19 countries. The company is structured into four strategic business units - Mobile, Telemedia, Enterprise and Digital TV. The mobile business offers services in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The Telemedia business provides broadband, IPTV and telephone services in 89 Indian cities. The Digital TV business provides Direct-to-Home TV services across India. The Enterprise business provides end-to-end telecom solutions to corporate customers and national and international long distance services to telcos Airtel is the largest wireless service provider in India, based on the number of customers as of June 30, 2010. It offers an integrated suite of telecom solutions to enterprise customers, in addition to providing long distance connectivity both nationally and internationally. It also offers DTH and IPTV Services. All these services are rendered under a unified brand “Airtel”. Airtel served an aggregate of 183,371,520 customers as of June 30, 2010. ACHIEVMENTS Bharti Airtel Achieves Gold Certification from Cisco India. With this, Bharti Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve this certification. It is known for being the first mobile phone company in the world to outsource everything except marketing and sales and finance. Bharti Airtel has been ranked among the six best performing technology companies in the world by Business Week. Bharti Airtel is the world's third largest, single-country mobile operator and fifth largest telecom operator in the world with a subscriber base of over 180 million. Bharti Airtel announced that it would acquire 100% stake in Telecom Seychelles taking its global presence to 19 countries. On May 18, 2010, 3G spectrum auction was completed and Airtel will have to pay the Indian government Rs. 12,295 crores for spectrum in 13 circles, the most amount spent by an operator in this auction. Airtel is the market leader in India with a total