Status Report of Vitis germplasm in GERMANY Erika Maul, Joachim Schmid, Ernst Rühl, Bernd Hill, Joachim Eder, Volker Jörger, Rudolf Becher, Josef Engelhard, Hermann Kolesch, Reinhard Töpfer 1. Importance of the Viticulture in the country Over the past years the area cultivated by grapevine in Germany ranged around 100.000 ha. In 2011, the grapevine area was 102.096 ha. 2. Collections or germplasm banks for Vitis The “Deutsche Genbank Reben” (http://www.deutsche-genbank-reben.jki.bund.de) was founded in 2010. For all accessions registered access is facilitated under the Multilateral System of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture using a Standard Material Transfer Agreement. The summarized inventory of German national collections, according to the requested criteria is shown in table 1. Table 1: Inventory of German national grapevine collections. Vitis WIEWS_I Inter- No of Vitis Vitis species Institution nstitute_ specific accessions vinifera species not Code crossing defined Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für DEU098 3066 1092 1642 226 116 Kulturpflanzen (JKI) Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof 76833 Siebeldingen Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher DEU363 238 221 14 3 Raum Rheinpfalz Abteilung Weinbau 67435 Neustadt-Mußbach Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim DEU454 316 271 26 15 4 Fachgebiet Rebenzüchtung und Rebenveredlung 65366 Geisenheim Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg DEU455 82 82 Abteilung Weinbau 79100 Freiburg Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt DEU456 670 537 98 33 2 für Wein- und Obstbau Referat Rebenzüchtung und Rebenveredlung 74189 Weinsberg Bayerische Landesanstalt für DEU457 42 40 2 Weinbau und Gartenbau An der Steige 15 97209 Veitshöchheim Bundessortenamt DEU616 8 8 Prüfstelle Haßloch 67454 Haßloch 1 3. Status of characterization of the collections Characterization encompasses distinct categories: Description according to the OIV descriptor list (e.g. morphology, phenology). DEU098: 938 accessions described by 18 descriptors Evaluation of breeding characteristics (e.g. resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors). DEU098: almost all interspecific crossings (1642 accessions) evaluated on resistance against Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola. 4. References of germplasm collections or databases in internet Accessions of all German collections can be found via “Deutsche Genbank Reben” (http://www.deutsche-genbank-reben.jki.bund.de) and via Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC - www.vivc.de). The inventory of the National Collection of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof is found also in the European Vitis Database (www.eu-vitis.de). 5. Main varieties in the country In 2010, 80% of the vineyards were planted with 12 cultivars (ranked from the most to the least important): White Riesling, Müller-Thurgau, Pinot Noir, Dornfelder, Green Silvaner, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Blue Portugieser, Kerner, Schiava Grossa, Pinot Meunier and Regent. 6. Table grapes In Germany no significant table grape production exists. 7. Selection or breeding programmes in course With respect to Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof (DEU098), Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg (DEU455) and Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Wein- und Obstbau Weinsberg (DEU456) breeding programs focus on fungus disease resistance, mainly to Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola. Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim’s objective is to develop calcareous and phylloxera tolerant rootstock varieties. 8. Clonal selection status Currently clonal selection is carried out by 7 state institutions (9 different stations) and by 7 private breeders action groups encompassing 29 participants. Number of private breeders involved in clonal selection decreased severely in the last two decades, because high exigencies on phytosanitary status of the propagating material resulted in too high costs. 9. Catalogue or reliable publication with a list of the confirmed synonymies Confirmed synonymies of the registered cultivars can be found in the German national catalogue and in www.eu-vitis.de – ‘Varieties registered in Europe’. Further synonyms and those of old autochthonous cultivars exist in VIVC.. 10. List of endangered cultivars Endangered cultivars are listed in table 2. 2 Table 2: List of endangered cultivars in Germany. (In bold: cultivars existing in repositories only). country VIVC Berry of code Cultivar Primename color Accession number origin no Adelfränkisch B Adelfraenkisch B DEU098-2010-087 CHE 23324 Affenthaler N AFFENTHALER N DEU098-1992-074 DEU 79 Aspirant B Aspirant B DEU098-1992-087 GRC 699 Augster Blau N Augster Blau N DEU098-1980-134 AUT 765 Augster Gelb B Augster Gelb B DEU098-1980-135 DEU 766 Augster Weiss B Augster Weiss B DEU098-1980-136 DEU 767 Batttraube N Batttraube N DEU098-1998-100 AUT 1041 Beerheller RS Beerheller RS DEU098-1998-136 1084 Bettlertraube N Bettlertraube N Bukettrebe B BUKETTREBE B DEU098-1994-003 DEU 1611 Elbling Blau N Elbling Blau N DEU098-2005-068 DEU 12651 Elbling Rot RG Elbling Rot RG DEU098-1997-065 DEU 3863 Elbling Schwarz N Elbling Schwarz N DEU098-1980-736 DEU 3864 Fischtraube B Fischtraube B DEU098-1993-298 4137 Fitzrebe B Fitzrebe B DEU098-1990-027 DEU 14882 Früher Blauer Ungar N Olasz Korai N DEU098-1980-371 HUN 8739 Frühtraube Froehlich B Fruehtraube Froehlich B DEU098-2002-007 DEU 20545 Fürstentraube B Fuerstentraube B DEU098-2010-047 DEU 4283 Fütterer B Fuetterer B Gänsfüsser N Argant N DEU098-1992-075 ESP 586 Gelbhoelzer Blau N Gelbhoelzer Blau N DEU098-1993-299 DEU 16158 Haengling Blau N Haengling Blau N DEU098-1980-217 DEU 5253 Hans RG Hans RG DEU098-1993-301 DEU 5286 Heunisch Blau N Heunisch Blau N DEU098-1990-082 AUT 5370 Heunisch Dreifarbig RG Heunisch Dreifarbig RG DEU098-2007-018 41212 Heunisch Rot RG Heunisch Rot RG DEU098-1997-014 AUT 5372 Heunisch Rotgestreift B Pekasore B DEU098-1990-142 9095 HOHMANN Heunisch Schwarz N 21/23/24/96 N DEU098-2001-109 41097 Heunisch Weiss B Heunisch Weiss B DEU098-2005-015 AUT 5374 Lamberttraube B Lamberttraube B DEU098-1990-004 DEU 6687 Malingre Precoce B Malingre Precoce B DEU098-1980-252 FRA 7249 Malvasier Früher Roter RG Veltliner Fruehrot RG DEU098-1980-711 ITA 16157 Ofner Weiss B Ofner B DEU098-1998-098 DEU 8714 Olber Weiss B Olber B DEU098-1993-309 FRA 8740 Orleans Gelb B Orleans Gelb B DEU098-2005-075 FRA 8805 Ortlieber B Knipperle B DEU098-2007-106 FRA 6312 Putzscheere B Putzscheere B DEU098-2005-086 HUN 9830 Raeuschling Weiss B Raeuschling Weiss B DEU098-1980-308 CHE 9874 Riesling Blau N Riesling Blau N DEU098-2010-007 DEU 10074 Riesling Rot RG Riesling Rot RG DEU098-1980-082 DEU 10076 3 ROHRTRAUBE Rohrtaube Blaurot N BLAUROT N DEU098-1993-317 DEU 10162 Seidentraube Gelb B Luglienga Bianca B DEU098-1980-744 ITA 6982 Seidentraube Grün B Agostenga B DEU098-1997-048 ITA 107 Silvaner Blau N Silvaner Blau N DEU098-1992-066 AUT 11804 Silvaner Rot RG Silvaner Rot RG DEU098-1980-063 AUT 11807 Tauberschwarz N Tauberschwarz N DEU098-1997-034 DEU 16156 Urban Blau N Urban Blau N DEU098-1980-360 DEU 12780 Urban Rot RG Urban Rot RG DEU098-2000-024 DEU 12781 Vogelfränkische B Vogelfraenkische B Vogeltraube N Vogeltraube N Zimmettraube Blau N Zimmettraube Blau N DEU098-2010-151 AUT 17807 in bold: cultivars existing in repositories only 11. Main international varieties cultivated They are listed in table 3. Table 3: List of international cultivars in Germany. Cultivar ha Riesling Weiss B 22.636 Müller-Thurgau B 13.374 Pinot Noir N 11.756 Silvaner green B 5.185 Pinot gris G 4.859 Pinot blanc B 4.280 Portugieser N 3.966 Schiava Grossa N 2.378 Pinot Meunier N 2.198 Blaufränkisch N 1.775 Chardonnay B 1.388 Chasselas Blanc B 1.145 Traminer RG 870 Sauvignon blanc B 650 Merlot N 521 12. Main rootstocks used. List of rootstocks recommended Listed in table 4. Table 4: Main rootstocks for grapevines in Germany. Rootstock cultivar 101-14 Millardet et de Grasset 110 Richter 161-49 Couderc 420 A Millardet et de Grasset 4 5 C Geisenheim Berl. x Rip. Kober 125 AA Berl. x Rip. Kober 5 BB Binova Börner Cina Rici Rip. x Rup. 3309 Couderc Selektion Oppenheim Sori Teleki 8 in bold: main rootstock cultivars 13. Use of microsatellites in characterization It is intended to apply SSR-markers for identification of cultivars existing in German grapevine collections. Twenty too markers shall be analysed, from which 9 are those of the GrapeGen06 project: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79. 14. Sanitary status of the propagated material All propagated material has to be tested as virus free. 15. Main reference publications related to Vitis varieties or clones See the publications at the end of this chapter. 16. Existence of old vineyards A survey carried out in 2007 identified around 3.369 owners of vineyards planted before 1950. The area concerned is about 630 ha. As the owners are mainly elder people, old vineyards disappear rapidly. A prospection in 1021 old vineyards was carried out from 2007 to 2010. 351 different cultivars were discovered, from which 242 are historical and not registered in the German national variety catalogue. Some of the rediscovered cultivars were thought to have been lost (Jung 2010). 17. Minor cultivars See table 5. Cultivars written in bold exist in repositories only. Some of them have been found as single vines during a four year prospection period (2007-2010). Table 5: Minor cultivars in Germany. Cultivars written in bold exist in repositories only. Some of them have been found as single vines during a four year prospection period (2007-2010). Cultivar ha