The White/Wiphala Paper on Indigenous Peoples’ food systems The White/Wiphala Paper on Indigenous Peoples’ food systems Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2021 2 Required citation FAO. 2021. The White/Wiphala Paper on Indigenous Peoples' food systems. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4932en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-134487-3 © FAO, 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact- us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Cover Illustration: ©Chirapaq Peru 3 Contents Contributors .............................................................................................................................................. iv Foreword .................................................................................................................................................... v Preface..................................................................................................................................................... viii List of acronyms ......................................................................................................................................xiii Executive summary ............................................................................................................................... xiv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 I. Characterisation of Indigenous Peoples’ food systems .................................................. 7 II. What Indigenous Peoples can bring to the current debate on sustainable food systems ................................................................................................................................................. 17 1. The role of Indigenous Peoples’ view of life in sustainability transformations ..... 17 2. Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge systems are complementary to scientific knowledge ....................................................................................................................................... 18 3. Indigenous Peoples’ governance systems preserve global biodiversity .............. 21 4. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems provide nourishment and healthy diets ....... 23 5. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems are resilient and can contribute to the challenges of climate change and environmental shocks .............................................. 26 ................................................................................................................................................................ 29 III. Drivers affecting Indigenous Peoples’ food systems ...................................................... 29 IV. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems a game-changing solution in themselves .. 42 ................................................................................................................................................................ 44 V. Recommendations organised as per the Action Tracks and game-changing solutions ................................................................................................................................................ 44 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 71 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 87 Annex 1: Case studies .................................................................................................................. 87 Annex 2: Key elements of divergence of paradigm and worldview ............................. 95 Annex 3: Drivers identified in Indigenous Peoples’ food systems ..................................... 98 Annex 4: Analysis of game-changing solutions proposed by the 5 Action Tracks ... 104 iii Contributors Members of Global-Hub and of the technical editorial committee. Danny Hunter (Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT); Gam Shimray (Asian Indigenous Peoples Pact); Thomas Worsdell; (Asian Indigenous Peoples Pact); Anne Brunel (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Gennifer Meldrum (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Ida Strømsø (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Luisa Castañeda (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Mariana Estrada (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Mikaila Way (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Yon Fernandez de Larrinoa (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit); Charlotte Milbank (FAO Indigenous Peoples Unit, University of Cambridge); Tania Martinez (Greenwich University, Natural Resources Institute); Harriet Kuhnlein (McGill University, Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment); Bhaskar Vira (University of Cambridge). Members of Global-Hub. Amparo Morales (Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe); Dennis Mairena (Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe); Ernesto Marconi (Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe); Gabriel Muyuy (Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe); Luis Alfredo Rojas (Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe); Myrna Cunningham Kain (Fondo para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina y El Caribe); Carolina Herrera (Fundación Gaia Amazonas); Juliana Sanchez (Fundación Gaia Amazonas); Julieth Rojas (Fundación Gaia Amazonas); Maria Isabel Valderrama (Fundación Gaia Amazonas); Pamela Katic (Greenwich University, Natural Resources Institute); Julie Brimblecombe (Monash University); Tero Mustonen (Snowchange Cooperative); Bhogtoram Mawroh (The Indigenous Partnership on Agrobiodiversity and Food Sovereignty); Lukas Pawera (The Indigenous Partnership on Agrobiodiversity and Food Sovereignty); Phrang Roy (The Indigenous Partnership on Agrobiodiversity and Food Sovereignty). Contributors from Africa. Boris Ibela (Association pour le devenir des autochtones et de leur connaissance originelle); Davy Pouaty Nzembialela (Association pour le devenir des autochtones et de leur connaissance originelle); Pierre Mondjo (Association pour le devenir des autochtones et de leur connaissance originelle); Sandrine Moughola (Association pour le devenir des autochtones et de leur connaissance originelle); Bakari Chaka (Maasai Mara University); Charity Konana (Maasai Mara University, Individual Expert from the Maasai Community); Mariam Wallet Aboubacrine (Tin Hinan, women’s association). Contributors from the Arctic: Dalee Sambo (Inuit Circumpolar Council, Individual contribution);