in the Tennessee Valley for 2005 and Projected Use in 2030 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Prepared by River Operations in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey Water Use in the Tennessee Valley for 2005 and Projected Use in 2030 Charles E. Bohac Michael J. McCall November 2008 Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... viii Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1–1 Background ............................................................................................................................................ 1–1 Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1–2 Hydrologic Setting .................................................................................................................................. 1–2 Data Source and Analysis Methods ....................................................................................................... 1–2 Water Use .................................................................................................................................................................... 2–1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 2–1 Offstream Water Use ............................................................................................................................. 2–2 Total Offstream Water Use ............................................................................................................. 2–2 Water Use Summarized by Category ............................................................................................. 2–2 Water Use Summarized by Source ................................................................................................ 2–3 Water Use Described by Category ................................................................................................. 2–3 Thermoelectric ............................................................................................................................ 2–3 Industrial ...................................................................................................................................... 2–4 Public Supply ............................................................................................................................... 2–4 Irrigation ....................................................................................................................................... 2–4 Comparison to Previous Updates, Inter-Basin Transfers, and Diversions ................................................. 3–1 Comparison to Previous Updates ......................................................................................................... 3–1 1995, 2000, and 2005 .................................................................................................................... 3–1 Net Water Demand for Selected Industries ................................................................................... 3–3 i Inter-Basin Transfers ............................................................................................................................. 3–6 Diversions .............................................................................................................................................. 3–6 Projected Water Use ................................................................................................................................................... 4–1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 4–1 Thermoelectric Water Use ................................................................................................................................. 4–1 Electrical Demand ...................................................................................................................................... 4–1 Electrical Generation ................................................................................................................................. 4–1 Generation in 2005 ............................................................................................................................. 4–1 Assumptions for Future Generation ............................................................................................... 4–1 Public Supply and Industrial Categories ................................................................................................ 4–2 Irrigation Water Use ................................................................................................................................... 4–2 Projected Water Use for 2030 ................................................................................................................... 4–3 Transfers from the Watershed ................................................................................................................ 4–4 Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 5–1 Water Use in 2005 .............................................................................................................................................. 5–1 Projected Water Use in 2030 ............................................................................................................................. 5–2 Appendix .................................................................................................................................................................. 6–1 Source and Date of Water Withdrawal Data .................................................................................................. 6–1 References ................................................................................................................................................................... 7–1 Glossary, Terms, and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 8–1 ii Tables Table 2–1 Total Offstream Water Use by Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 ................................. 2–5 Table 2–2 Total Offstream Water Use by Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 .......................................... 2–10 Table 2–3 Total Offstream Water Use by County in 2005 .................................................................. 2–12 Table 2–4 Total Water Use by Category and Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 ............................ 2–15 Table 2–5 Total Water Use by Category and Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 ..................................... 2–17 Table 2–6 Total Water Use by Category and County in 2005 ............................................................ 2–18 Table 2–7 Surface-Water Withdrawals by Category and Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 ...................................................................................................................... 2–21 Table 2–8 Surface-Water Withdrawals by Category and Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 ............................................................................................................................... 2–23 Table 2–9 Surface-Water Withdrawals by Category and County in 2005 .......................................... 2–24 Table 2–10 Groundwater Withdrawals by Category and Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 ........... 2–27 Table 2–11 Groundwater Withdrawals by Category and Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 .................... 2–29 Table 2–12 Groundwater Withdrawals by Category and County in 2005 ............................................ 2–30 Table 2–13 Thermoelectric Power Water Use by Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 ...................... 2–33 Table 2–14 Thermoelectric Power Water Use by Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 ............................... 2–35 Table 2–15 Thermoelectric Power Water Use by County in 2005 ....................................................... 2–36 Table 2–16 Industrial Water Use by Source and Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 ....................... 2–37 Table 2–17 Industrial Water Use by Source and Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 ................................ 2–40 Table 2–18 Industrial Water Use by Source and County in 2005 ........................................................ 2–41 Table 2–19 Public-Supply Water Use by Water-Use Tabulation Area in 2005 .................................... 2–46 Table 2–20 Public-Supply Water Use by Hydrologic Unit Code in 2005 ............................................. 2–48 Table 2–21 Public-Supply Water Use by County in 2005 ...................................................................