To Speak or to Die: The Importance and Achievements of Luca Guadagnino’s Call Me by Your Name (2017) Treball de Fi de Grau/ BA dissertation Author: Alex Dalmau Barreal Supervisor: Dr. Sara Martín Alegre Departament de Filologia Anglesa i de Germanística Grau d‘Estudis Anglesos June 2020 CONTENTS 0. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 0.1 Luca Guadagnino‘s Life and Work ........................................................................ 1 0.2 Guadagnino‘s Call Me by Your Name .................................................................... 2 1. Adapting a Novel: A Work of Respect ......................................................................... 6 1.1 Differences and similarities .................................................................................... 6 1.2 Controversies while Adapting .............................................................................. 12 2. A Film with a Legacy ................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Importance within the LGBT community ............................................................ 17 2.2 Impact within the film industry ............................................................................ 21 3. Conclusions and further research ............................................................................... 27 Works Cited .................................................................................................................... 29 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Sara Martín Alegre, my supervisor, for her guidance and support. She has all my gratitude for letting me write about something that I am passionate about and for allowing me to focus my dissertation on a topic that matters to me. I would also like to express my gratitude to everyone that has helped me during these complicated and unconventional times. Writing a dissertation during a pandemic has not been easy, especially psychologically. Every day has been a challenge, and that is why I want to thank everyone who has helped during this time, especially family and friends. Abstract In 2017, Luca Guadagnino directed the film adaptation of Call Me by You Name, an original novel by André Aciman, and portrayed a unique coming-of-age journey of self-discovery that is not often offered in cinema. Since its popularization, the summer romance between Elio and Oliver and more concretely the personal growth of the former has generated interest for its subtlety and its careful craft of adolescent sexuality. Moreover, the film has also had an important impact within the LGBT community, offering a representation that is usually ignored in mainstream cinema. The first section of this dissertation analyses how the film adaptation of Call Me by Your Name reads the novel in which it is based. Guadagnino states that in order for him to be faithful to the novel, he has to betray it. The lack of a first person narrator, the adapted screenplay by James Ivory or the use of music as a narrative developer are some of the factors that help the adaptation read the novel while respecting it. Therefore, this dissertation uncovers the ways in which the film interprets the novel as well as the differences between both texts. The second part explores the impact and importance of this film not only within the audio-visual field but also within the LGBT community, as well as the history of its predecessors. LGBT films rarely reach mainstream crowds and Call Me by Your Name managed to break the barrier between LGBT and mainstream audiences while offering a positive representation of what the process of accepting one‘s own sexuality should be like: one based on support and space to deal with one‘s own feelings. Finally, by uncovering its influence and legacy, it becomes clear why this adaptation leaves a mark in both the LGBT community and in mainstream cinema. Keywords: Call Me by Your Name, Luca Guadagnino, André Aciman, adaptation, coming-of-age, self-discovery, cinema, sexuality, LGBT representation. 0. Introduction 0.1 Luca Guadagnino’s Life and Work Luca Guadagnino, born in Palermo (Italy) in 1971, is a film director, producer and screenwriter. His family moved to Ethiopia during his early childhood, where his father taught History and Literature, but they were forced to return to Italy in 1977 due to the Ethiopian Civil War. It was soon after this event that he became interested in filmmaking, resulting in his taking a degree in Literature and Cinema History at the Sapienza University of Rome. Even though he had worked on short films before releasing his first long feature, Guadagnino debuted at the Venice Film Festival with The Protagonists (1999), a crime thriller starring Tilda Swinton about an Italian film crew reconstructing a real life crime committed years before. After his debut, he served on the jury of different film festivals, the 2010 Venice Film Festival being the most prestigious one. However, both his presence and his work continued to be independent, with little success outside festivals. It was not until his 2015 release, A Bigger Splash, that his European presence as a filmmaker strengthened. Precisely, this consolidated presence secured the financial backing needed for the production of his next project, the adaptation of André Aciman‘s Call Me by Your Name, his 2007 novel about the sexual awakening of a teenager after meeting a post- grad student of his father‘s during their summer holiday in Italy. Different producers were already looking for a director to take over the film adaptation before the novel was released, and after some failed attempts, director and screenwriter James Ivory (Maurice, The Remains of the Day) started developing the original project. Both Ivory and Guadagnino, who was also originally involved in the project, started working on the 1 initial ideas. After a year developing a script that represented their vision and interpretation of the novel, the producers gave the green light and asked Ivory to direct the film. However, the original project was pushed back because of financial issues. Finally, after A Bigger Splash, Guadagnino‘s name became big enough to attract investors and financers to support the project. Even though the budget was still limited, Guadagnino was used to small productions and he got to direct the feature with James Ivory‘s screenplay. 0.2 Guadagnino’s Call Me by Your Name What is interesting about Guadagnino‘s view of Call Me by Your Name is the way he interprets the story and its characters. As he explains in an interview released about the same time as the film: ―It‘s my task, in order to be faithful to the novel, to betray the novel. When you translate any kind of text into a visual storyline, a cinema scene, you have to make sure you don‘t get crushed and overwhelmed by the weight of the source material.‖ (cited in Hutchinson 2017: 34). These words serve as the starting point of this dissertation in order to analyse and explore how Guadagnino directs a film following his own interpretation of the primary source. Arguably, the differences between the novel and the film, and those betrayals which Guadagnino states are his duties as a director, make this adaptation very interesting to compare and analyse. Guadagnino‘s vision of cinema and his prevalence of the visual over the verbal and textual mediums are faultlessly portrayed in this specific adaptation, in which the lack of the first person narrator that substantiates the novel is replaced with visual resources that fulfil its function. However, and regardless of the differences between both texts, this adaptation is a work full of respect and admiration towards the original source, since, according to Guadagnino himself, he tried to pay homage to the people that had inspired him, in this case André Aciman. 2 By the time the film opened in theatres in November 2017, Guadagnino‘s vision and direction as well as Ivory‘s screenplay had delighted the critics, who praised almost unanimously the final product. Reviewer April Wolfe praises Guadagnino‘s careful and emotionally intimate vision of the story: ―Guadagnino adeptly captures not just the physicality of a burning love but also the emotional and intellectual components, and the film is all the more salient for that careful, realistic interpretation‖ (2017: website). The review stresses the importance of the silent, non-physical elements that form this love story and that offer a view different from the primary source. Film critic Justin Chang writes for Los Angeles Times that ―Guadagnino‘s storytelling is overpoweringly intimate but never narcissistic. He directs our gaze both inward and outward, toward the treasures and mysteries buried within this Italian paradise, and also toward the unseen, unspoken forces that have threatened bonds like Elio and Oliver‘s for millennia‖ (2017: website). Again, what resonates between these lines are the ―unseen, unspoken forces‖ that fill up Guadagnino‘s adaptation: these little differences and filmmaking techniques that help the director and screenwriter read the primary source are what transform the novel‘s story into an audio-visual experience. Concurrently, this film instantly became an important feature both within the LGBT community and the film industry. Reviewer Alonso Duralde writes for The Wrap that ―First love is as much about hesitancy as it is about exuberance – maybe even more so – and Ivory and Guadagnino