Effectiveness and Safety of Autologous Fat Transfer in Various Treatment Protocols Citation for published version (APA): Groen, J-W. (2018). Effectiveness and Safety of Autologous Fat Transfer in Various Treatment Protocols. Datawyse / Universitaire Pers Maastricht. https://doi.org/10.26481/dis.20180412jg Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2018 DOI: 10.26481/dis.20180412jg Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. 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Download date: 07 Oct. 2021 “Effectiveness and Safety of Autologous Fat Transfer in Various Treatment Protocols” Efficiëntie en Veiligheid van Autologe Vet Transplantatie voor Verschillende Behandel Protocollen © copyright Jan-Willem Groen, Maastricht 2017 P Printing: Datawyse | Universitaire Pers Maastricht UM UNIVERSITAIRE PERS MAASTRICHT ISBN 978 94 6159 793 9 “Effectiveness and Safety of Autologous Fat Transfer in Various Treatment Protocols” Efficiëntie en Veiligheid van Autologe Vet Transplantatie voor Verschillende Behandel Protocollen DISSERTATION to obtain the degree of Doctor at Maastricht University, on the authority of the Rector Magnificus, Prof. Dr. Rianne M. Letschert in accordance with the decision of the Board of Deans, to be defended in public on Thursday the 12th of April 2018, at 16.00 hours by Jan-Willem Groen born in Hoogeveen, The Netherlands DOCTORAL COMMITTEE: Promotors: Prof. dr. R.R.J.W van der Hulst Prof. dr. M.J.P.F Ritt Copromotors: Dr. A.A. Piatkowski Dr. M.G. Mullender Other members: Prof. dr. L.P.S. Stassen Prof. dr. B. van der Lei Prof. dr. P.M. Steijlen Dr. E.M. Heuts Dr. H.A. Rakhorst For Sahar “Life is being one with you. Everything else is just waiting” Contents Chapter 1 General Introduction 9 Chapter 2 Autologous Fat Grafting after Onco-Plastic Breast Reconstruction; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Oncological and Radiological safety, Complications, Volume Retention and Patient/ Surgeon Satisfaction 27 Groen JW, Negenborn VL, Twisk DJWR, Rizopoulos D, Ket JCF, Smit JM, Mullender MG. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery 2016 Jun; 69(6):742-64 Chapter 3 Autologous Fat Grafting in Cosmetic Breast Augmentation; A Systematic Review on Radiological safety, Complications, Volume Retention and Patient/ Surgeon Satisfaction 65 Groen JW, Negenborn VL, Twisk DJWR, Ket JCF, Mullender MG, Smit JM. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 2016 Oct;36(9):993-1007 Chapter 4 The use of Autologous Fat Grafting for the treatment of scar tissue and Scar-Related Conditions: A systematic review 97 Negenborn VL, Groen JW, Smit JM, Niessen FB, Mullender MG. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2016 Jan;137(1):31e-43e Chapter 5 Autologous Fat Grafting: A Promising Technique with Various Indications. Reply: The Use of Autologous Fat Grafting for Treatment of Scar Tissue and Scar Related Conditions: A Systematic Review 125 Negenborn VL, Groen JW, Smit JM, Niessen FB, Mullender MG. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2016 Dec;138(6):1077e-1078e 7 Chapter 6 Oncological Recurrence after Autologous Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction; Critical appraisal of the current literature on basic science and clinical studies 131 Groen JW, Tuinder SMH, Negenborn VL, van der Hulst RRJW. Internal Medicine Review Vol 3, No 2 (2017): Vol.3 Issue 2, February, 2017 Chapter 7 European Survey Study amongst Plastic/ Breast Surgeons on the use of/ and opinion towards Autologous Fat Transfer; with emphasis on Breast Surgery 153 Groen JW, Piatkowski AA, Sawor JH, Wilschut JA, Ritt MJPF, van der Hulst RRJW. Submitted Chapter 8 Autologous Fat Transfer after Augmentation and Reconstruction of the Female Breast; An International, Cross-sectional Photo- Comparison study amongst different Physician-, and Patient Study Groups 177 Groen JW, Piatkowski AA, Sawor JH, Wilschut JA, Khouri RK, van der Hulst RRJW, Ritt MJPF. Submitted Chapter 9 Autologous Fat Transfer for Facial Rejuvenation; A systematic Review on Technique, Efficacy and Satisfaction 195 Groen JW, Krastev TK, Hommes J, Wilschut JA, Ritt MJPF, van der Hulst RRJW. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 2017; 5:e1606, Published online 22 December 2017. Chapter 10 General Discussion 227 Chapter 11 253 Valorization addendum 255 Summary 261 Nederlandse samenvatting 265 Acknowledgements (dankwoord) 269 List of publications 273 About the author 275 8 Chapter 1 General Introduction 9 General Introduction Prelude The nomenclature surrounding the technique of the reinjection of autologous fat has evolved parallel to its many other aspects during the formation of this dissertation. Therefore, please note that Chapters 2 to 6 adhere to the term “Autologous Fat Grafting” or AFG, whereas the Introduction as well as Chapters 7 to 11 use the definition “Autologous Fat Transfer” or AFT. Both terms are in- terchangeable in describing the same method. Breast cancer and reconstructive options Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women in Europe 1,2 and worldwide with over nearly 1.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2012 3. In the Netherlands, this translates to one in eight women or 14.640 new cases each year 4. Ongoing developments in early screening as well as better and more targeted therapies have dramatically improved the survival rate 5 with 5- and 10 year survival rates following diagnosis being 87% and 82% respectively 6. One of the important distinctions that has to be made early in the diagnosis, for the treatment/survival as well as the reconstructive options, is the extension and the type of tumor. The two most common types of breast cancer are the ductal (originating from the epithelial cells of the milk ducts) and lobular (originating from mammary glandular tissue) carcinomas which can be contained to a local cluster of precancerous cells (carcinoma in situ or cis) or invasive in relation to adjacent tissues. Of the invasive or infiltrating type, ductal carcinoma comprises 70% to 80% compared to approximately 8% lobular carcinoma 7. The most important goal in treating a patient with newly diagnosed breast can- cer is survival. However, as survival has increased, esthetics become more im- portant. Over the last decades smaller, less mutilating forms of breast cancer surgery have been developed that achieve the same survival rates as the rigor- ous radical mastectomies of the previous century. These types of breast surgery like lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, segmentectomy or partial mastectomy – followed by adjuvant radiotherapy – are collectively reffered to as “breast con- serving therapy” (BCT) and have been shown to roughly equivalent mastectomy in long-term survival 8-10. With this, the rate of unilateral skin-sparing- mastectomies (SSM) in the United States has been slowly declining since the 11 Chapter 1 1990’s while – with the discovery of BRCA 1 and 2 gen-mutations – the number of contralateral prophylactic mastectomies has been inclining 11. Currently, there exists a large variety for reconstructive options following both BCT as well as SSM in which the decision making process is multifactorial and largely related to important factors like tumor size, -location and tumor-to- breast ratio. In general BCT is followed by some form of oncoplastic reconstruc- tion according to the principles of volume displacement (i.e. oncoplastic reduc- tion using Wise pattern) or volume replacement (i.e. anterior- or lateral inter- costal artery perforator flap, thoraco-dorsal artery perforator flap, latissimus dorsi flap etc) 12-14. These techniques do not only restore the direct postopera- tive breast volume and –contour but also decrease the possibility of long-term, post-radiation complications such as contour distortion and loss of volume due to parenchymal fibrosis and (scar) retraction 15,16. Following a SSM the possibility for volume replacement techniques remain in the case of small breasts, but most often the patient has to choose between implant reconstruction and au- tologous reconstruction