CITY DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN OF KOLKATA 2020 KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 5, S.N. BANERJEE ROAD, KOLKATA - 13 Foreword Cities are important centres of modern societies that will continue to gain in importance in the future. Today, more than half the world’s population lives in urban areas. The high density and interdependence of urban lifestyles and work, and the growing dependence on increasingly complex infrastructure systems and services, are making cities more vulnerable to a variety of hazards — natural and man-made. These can be the result of technological, natural or social causes. The populous City of Kolkata is situated in the multi-hazard prone southern part of the state of West Bengal which has considerable risk of damage/loss of lives and property due to natural hazards like Cyclone, Earthquake and Flood even if we keep aside the threats due to human induced hazards as Fire, Accidents, Industrial & Chemical hazards etc. To minimize the losses due to disasters and to have a disaster resilient society, we must have clear understanding in regard to the type and strength of each of the probable threats which may cause disasters of medium or large scale in the city. The perception about disaster and its management has undergone a change following the enactment of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The definition of disaster is now all encompassing that includes not only the events emerging from natural and man-made causes, but even those events which are caused by accident or negligence. There was a long felt need to capture information about all such events occurring across the sectors and efforts made to mitigate them in the city and to collate them at one place in a global perspective. This DM plan of Kolkata consists of 11 chapters has been an effort towards realising this thought. This book in the present format is the outcome of the in-house compilation and analysis of information relating to disasters and their management gathered from different sources. The CDMP of Kolkata has been prepared following the Model framework for District Disaster Management Plan by NDMA, 2014. This book is a compilation of information of past hazards, preparedness and mitigation measures, reconstruction and rehabilitation process and also the SOPs and resource inventories of different departments. It is our sincere hope that this work — the first among the many more that are on the anvil — will give all the stakeholders a sense of the urgent need to be prepared, not just for the present, but the future as well. It will be our unbound pleasure, if this publication invites constructive criticism, suggestions, additional inputs, and new perspectives — not just from the technocrats, academia, social sector, and inter-disciplinary thinkers but citizens, as well — to pave the way for a climate resilient, robust, inclusive, and secure future. Firhad Hakim Mayor, Kolkata No. Particulars Page No. Contents i - iv List of Figures v 1. INTRODUCTION 1 - 8 1.1. General introduction to disasters in India 1.2. Objectives of preparation of city disaster management plan for Kolkata 1.3. Authority for DDMP 1.4. Evolution of DDMP in brief 1.5. Stakeholders and their responsibilities 1.6. Plan review and updation 2. HAZARD VULNERABILITY, CAPACITY AND RISK 9-56 ASSESSMENT (HVCR) 2.1. Brief introduction about the city of Kolkata 2.1.1. Location 2.1.2. Physiography and Land Use 2.1.3. Soil 2.1.4. Geology and Geomorphology 2.1.5. Climate 2.1.6. Demographic Feature 2.1.7. Slums 2.2. Hazard and vulnerability analysis 2.2.1. Wind and Cyclone 2.2.2. Earthquake 2.2.3. Flood i 2.2.4. Fire hazard 2.2.5. Other Hazards 2.3 Capacity and Resource Analysis 3. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR DISASTER 57 - 64 MANAGEMENT 3.1. DM organisational structure at Kolkata Municipal Corporation 3.2. District Disaster Management Authority 3.3. District Crisis Management Group 3.4. IRS in the District 3.5. EOC setup and facilities available in the district 3.6. Forecasting and Warning agencies 4. PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES 65-77 5. PREPAREDNESS MEASURES 78-80 5.1. Identification of Stakeholders involved in disaster response 5.2. Formation of Team for Early warning, search and Rescue, Evacuation and Damage and loss assessment 5.3. Activation of IRS in the district 5.4. Protocol for seeking help from other agencies (Govt. of India, state Government, NDRF, SDRF, Army, Navy and Air Force, central Para Military forces) 5.5. Mechanism for checking logistics, equipments and stores 5.6. Operational Check Up of Warning Systems 5.7. Operational Check Up of EOC 5.8. Seasonal preparation for seasonal disasters like flood and cyclone 5.9. Procurement (Tents, blankets, tarpaulin, equipment etc) 5.10. Media Management /Information Dissemination 5.11. Medical preparedness and mass casualty management ii 6. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING MEASURES 81-83 6.1. Capacity Building Plan 7. RESPONSE AND RELIEF MEASURES 84-85 7.1. Response planning (multi hazard), preparedness and assessment 7.1.1. Quick assessment of damage and need 7.1.2. Warning and alert 7.1.3. District Meeting 7.1.4. Activation of EOC 7.1.5. Seeking external help for assistance 7.1.6. Reporting 7.1.7. Demobilization and winding up 8. RECONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION AND 86 RECOVERY MEASURES 9. FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR IMPLEMENTATION 87 OF DDMP 10. PROCEDURE AND METHODOLOGY FOR 88 MONITORING, EVALUATION, UPDATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DDMP 11. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs) AND 89-138 CHECKLIST 11.1. Seasonal S.O.P of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (Water logging, Cyclone), 2018 11.2. SOP of WB Fire & Emergency Services Department 11.3. SOP of DMG (Kolkata Police) 11.4. SOP of Metro Rail, Kolkata 11.5. SOP of Railway Accidents ANNEXURES 139-256 iii A.1. Importhat Telephone Numbers of KMC A.2. ESF Structure of Kolkata Municipal Corporation A.3. ESF Structure of West Bengal Fire & Emergency Services A.4. ESF Structure of Kolkata Police (Including Traffic Police) A.5. ESF Structure of National Disaster Response Force (N.D.R.F) A.6. ESF Structure of Metro Rail, Kolkata A.7. ESF Structure of C.E.S.C. Ltd. A.8. Contact Details of Department Of Disaster Management and Civil Defence A.9. Contact Details of Health and Family Welfare Department A.10. Resource Inventory of KMC A.11. Resource Inventory of Fire and Emergency Services Department A.12. Resource Inventory of DMG, Kolkata Police A.13. List of Resources of Kolkata Traffic Police A.14. Resource Inventory of NDRF A.15. Resource Inventory of Metro Rail, Kolkata A.16. List of Petrol Pumps in Kolkata A.17. Alternative Communication Plan In Case Of Failure of Mobile Network A.18. List of Relief Godowns A.19. Cyclone/Flood shelter (not officially tagged for evacuation) A.20. Cyclone Evacuation Plan A.21 Plan for Procurement of Machineries/instruments for the next Year (2020-2021) A.22. Vulnerability to Disaster Based on past 10 Years Experience iv A.23. List of Chemical & Industrial Hubs and Inflammable Industries under Kolkata District A.24. List of Heritage Buildings in Kolkata v List of Figures Figure Description Page Number Number 1.1 Multi hazard Zones in India 2 2.1 Location Map of Kolkata Municipal Corporation 9 2.2 Landuse Map of Kolkata city and surrounding areas 12 2.3 Geology map of Kolkata 14 2.4 Geomorphological units of Kolkata 15 2.5 Rainfall graph of Kolkata (2014-2018) 16 2.6 A composite vulnerability macro-zone map of West Bengal 24 2.7 Cyclone Vulnerability map of West Bengal 25 2.8 Seismic Zonation Map of India (BIS, 1893-2002) 30 2.9 Earthquake Hazard Vulnerability Map of West Bengal 31 2.10 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Microzonation map of Kolkata 32 2.11 Water logging Map of 16 Boroughs of KMC) 46 2.12 Map of the Drainage Pumping Stations and Sewerage Treatment 47 Plants of KMC 2.13 Trend of Road Accident in Kolkata (2014-2019) 53 2.14 Building Collapse Vulnerability Index Map of KMC Area 55 2.15 Dilapidated Buildings of the KMC area 56 3.1 Diagram showing the different kinds of sensors that are put together 75 to create the FFEWS and how they will help during the monsoon. vi 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO DISASTERS IN INDIA Before we go into the details, let us have a look into the following definitions. HAZARD: a potentially damaging physical event, natural phenomenon or human activity that may adversely affect human life, property or cause social and economic disruption or environmental damage. DISASTER: an extreme disruption of the functioning of community/society that causes wide spread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope. VULNERABILITY: the conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors which increase the damageability or proneness of an individual or community/society to impact of hazards. RISK: probability of harmful consequences or expected/anticipated losses from impact of a hazard at a given place over a specific period of time. CAPACITY: combination of strength, efficacy and resources available within a community/ organization that can be harnessed to reduce the level of risk or the effect of a disaster – viz. the ability of the stakeholders to cope with/resist/respond to the effects of a hazard or a catastrophic event. Human vulnerability to disasters is inversely related to human capacity to withstand the effects of disasters. The relationship among them can be expressed as – Disaster Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability + Exposure Capacity DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT: A systematic process of using administrative decisions, organizations, operational capacities to implement policies, strategies, coping capacities to lessen impacts of hazards – it comprises of prevention (structural and non-structural measures), mitigation (to limit the risk/vulnerability) and preparedness.