Flinders University Australian Centre for Community Services Research Developing the power to say no more to violence against women An investigation into family and domestic violence primary prevention programs in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Jonathon Louth, Tanya Mackay & Ian Goodwin-Smith November 2018 A research report prepared by the Australian Centre for Community Services Research, Flinders University for CatholicCare NT, Centacare Catholic Family Services and Power Community Limited Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge and thank all clients, community members, students, parents and staff who participated in and assisted with this study. We especially extend our gratitude to project team members Ms Margi MacGregor, Mr Steven Lendrum, Ms Kim Burns, Mr Charlie King, Mr Mal Fox, Mr Jake Battifuoco and Ms Megan Welsh. We also would like to thank Mr Ross Wait, Ms Elizabeth Rowe, Mr Russell Ebert, Ms Pauline Connolly, Ms Judy Davis and Ms Jayne Lloyd for their contributions. We also extend thanks to CatholicCare NT and Centacare Catholic Family Services for commissioning this work. Acknowledgement of Country The Australian Centre for Community Services Research acknowledges the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of this nation. We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which we conducted this research. We pay our respects to ancestors and Elders, past and present. The Australian Centre for Community Services Research is committed to honouring Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ unique cultural and spiritual relationships to the land, waters and seas and their rich contribution to society. For further information Dr Jonathon Louth Research Fellow, Australian Centre for Community Services Research T: +61 8 82012038 F: +61 8 82013350 E: [email protected] Australian Centre for Community Services Research Sturt Road Bedford Park Flinders University South Australia 5042 Australia GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA 5001 ACSSR Report 1-10/2018 ISBN 978-0-9944347-4-6 The Australian Centre for Community Services Research is based in the College of Business, Government and Law at Flinders University, Australia. This research report was funded by CatholicCare Northern Territory and Centacare Catholic Family Services Pictures on front cover Clockwise from top left: Community march in Ngukurr (source: J. Louth, 2018); PTEVAW event (source: PAFC); Community march in Ngukurr (source: J. Louth, 2018); PCL school visit (source: PAFC) Suggested citation Louth, J., Mackay, T. & Goodwin-Smith, I. (2018). Developing the power to say no more to violence against women: An investigation into family and domestic violence primary prevention programs in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Australian Centre for Community Services Research, Flinders University. Adelaide 2 Developing the power to say no more to violence against women An investigation into family and domestic violence primary prevention programs in South Australia and the Northern Territory Jonathon Louth, Tanya Mackay & Ian Goodwin-Smith Australian Centre for Community Services Research, Flinders University 3 “It’s not only domestic violence … it is [about] respecting women.” Russell Ebert OAM, 2018 4 time winner of the Magarey Medal Facilitator, Power to End Violence Against Women program. “…in any community you always find a small group of men who want to make a difference.” Charlie King OAM, 2018 ABC Sports Commentator Founder of the NO MORE initiative “…the longest journey you will take is from your head to you heart.” Aboriginal Elder, Ngukurr 2018 “…men are taught not to show emotions … or you’ll be cut from the crop.” Year 11 student, 2018 Focus group participant 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary ______________________________________________________ 6 Introduction _____________________________________________________________ 8 Project Overview ________________________________________________________ 10 Power to End Violence Against Women Program __________________________________ 10 NO MORE program _________________________________________________________ 12 Literature Review _______________________________________________________ 15 Violence against Women and Girls _____________________________________________ 15 Sport as a Site of Gendered Relations ___________________________________________ 17 Primary Prevention __________________________________________________________ 18 Limitations of Primary Prevention _______________________________________________ 21 Community-Based Primary Prevention __________________________________________ 21 Mainstreaming whole-of-community approaches ___________________________________________________ 21 Indigenous whole-of-community approaches ______________________________________________________ 22 School-Based Primary Prevention ______________________________________________ 24 Sport and Theatre ___________________________________________________________ 25 Primary Prevention Checklist – A Systems View ___________________________________ 26 Findings and Discussion _________________________________________________ 29 Method and Research Design _________________________________________________ 29 Sport as a Hook ____________________________________________________________ 29 Involving Women and Girls ____________________________________________________ 32 Performing Primary Prevention ________________________________________________ 35 Systems Change and Sustainable Impact ________________________________________ 37 Power to End Violence Against Women – Manning Up ______________________________________________ 39 NO MORE – A Tale of Three Communities _______________________________________________________ 42 From theories of change to pathways of effect ____________________________________ 50 Models for change __________________________________________________________________________ 51 Frameworks for change ______________________________________________________________________ 52 Conclusion and Recommendations ________________________________________ 55 References _____________________________________________________________ 57 Appendices ____________________________________________________________ 69 Appendix 1: Research Design _________________________________________________ 69 Appendix 2: NO MORE Theory of Change _______________________________________ 74 Appendix 3: NO MORE DVAP _________________________________________________ 75 Appendix 4: PTEVAW Events _________________________________________________ 78 Appendix 5: PTEVAW Keeping Safe: Child Protection Curriculum _____________________ 82 Endnotes _______________________________________________________________ 83 5 Executive Summary This report is a deep qualitative investigation of the Northern Territory-based NO MORE program and the South Australian Power to End Violence Against Women programs. Incorporating a research partnership between Centacare Catholic Family Services, CatholicCare NT, Power Community Limited, and the Australian Centre for Community Services Research, this comprehensive report provides an exploration of two primary prevention programs aimed at the eradication of violence against women and girls. The NO MORE program is wider in scope and works across multiple communities, while the Power to End Violence Against Women is delivered in schools to male students. For both programs, sport, football in particular, is used to capture the interests of participants, to engage with men and boys around awareness and behaviour change, and as site to mobilise for change. Five key recommendations are offered: Develop an enhanced socio-ecological understanding; Identify and harness power in key actors; Mobilise and activate communities; Involve women and girls; and, Commit, communicate and evaluate over a significant time period. The purpose of this report is not to be overly prescriptive as to future steps. Instead, the research provides an opportunity to explore transformative systems change. Future pathways will be dependent upon strategic decisions and community consultation and activation. 6 Key Terms AFL Australian Football League AFLNT Australian Rules League Northern Territory CDP Community Development Programme DVAP Domestic violence action plan IVP Intimate Partner Violence KS:CPC Keeping Safe: Child Protection Curriculum NTG Northern Territory Government PAFC Port Adelaide Football Club PCL Power Community Limited PTEVAW Power to End Violence Against Women Tables and Figures Table 1: Critical Elements: Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. ... 23 Figure 1: Russell Ebert lifts the premiership trophy (1977) ............................................ 11 Figure 2: Charlie King .................................................................................................... 12 Figure 3: Domestic and sexual violence in Australia. ..................................................... 15 Figure 4: Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention/intervention. ............................... 19 Figure 5: Socio-ecological model of violence against women. ....................................... 20 Figure 6: PTEVAW - participant resistance ................................................................... 34 Figure 7: PAFC Player Ambassador Ollie Wines with PTEVAW participants ................. 36 Figure 8: Port Adelaide captain and coach speak at a follow-up event .......................... 40 Figure 9: Map of communities visited ...........................................................................