1779 Lili‘uokalani’s party that Captain Cook’s men spend time with landed on Nihoa or Bird Photo courtesy of a chief’s canoe headed out to Ka‘ula: Island. David Gulko. 1200 A.D. ca. 1885 The Office of “One canoe belonging to some Pele, the Hawaiian Fire-Goddess, and Atoui [Kaua‘i] Chief staid (old her family arrive in Nihoa. Hawaiian 1786 English) with us till Sunset, and then Rolett went towards the Island Outoura Captain La Perouse, the first Affairs (OHA) [Ka‘ula] which was 4 miles distant to Photo altered European to sail past He nalu haki käkala, he nalu courtesy of the SE. Their business, they told us, Mokumanamana, names it in The sea was rough and choppy, but the was created by Bishop was to catch red birds, and the next waves honor of the French Minister of Museum day they intended going to E ‘imi ana i ka ‘äina e hiki aku ai. Necker Island the state Archives. Finance, Jacques Necker. Tomogoopappa [Mokupäpapa] for Bore us surely on to our destined shore— Emory 8 Turtle.” ‘O Nihoa ka ‘äina a mäkou i Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Museum Archives. Constitutional Burney M., March 1779; 631 pae mua aku ai: The rock Nihoa, the first land we Photo courtesy of Convention of The feathers of the Red-tail touched; Bishop Museum. 1789 Lele a‘e nei mäkou, kau i uka Pearl and Hermes 1978 as a pub- Tropicbird are coveted by Native Atoll. Captain Douglas is the first European to o Nihoa. Hawaiians for making sacred Bowl Hill from the northwest, lic trust, man- view Nihoa. He comments that it “‘did not objects. Gladly we landed and climbed up Photo altered appear to be accessible but to the feathery its cliffs. Necker Island. ca. 1917 courtesy of dated to better race, with which it abounds’” and French Frigate Shoals Emerson X-XI Bishop renamed it Bird Island. Museum Archives. the conditions Emory 8 Photographer: 1000 A.D. H.L. Tucker. of Native 0 A.D. Hawaiians settle 2000 1810 The first Hawaiian Hawaiians and 1822 Nihoa. Rauzon 8 President Clinton issues Executive The Hawaiian Kingdom is established Voyagers arrive in the Order 13178 that creates the Ka‘ahumanu lands on Nihoa, “a under the single rule of Kamehameha I. Hawaiian Archipelago. their communi- NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem land not seen by the generation of Kame‘eleihiwa Reserve and protects Hawaiian ties. OHA her time” and annexes this island Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Museum Archives. to the Hawaiian Kingdom. cultural and religious uses. revenues are Kamakau 1 1200 A.D. 1000 A.D. “Native Hawaiian noncommercial from Native 1779 subsistence, cultural, or religious uses may continue …” 0 A.D. Hawaiian 1825 1786 E.O. 13178, Sec. 9 Captain Benjamin Morrell, Jr. of the 1789 lands designat- schooner Tartar claims Känemiloha‘i Photo courtesy of Bishop 1810 (Kure) where he finds sea turtles and sea Museum. Devil’s Slide, Nihoa. ed as “ceded” 2000 1997 elephants in abundance. 1822 Rauzon 176 ANCESTRAL Hui Mälama I Nä Küpuna O Hawai‘i by the State of 1825 1997 Nei re-inters the remains of seven Hawai‘i. The BEGINNINGS ancient Hawaiians at Nihoa and Necker. 1984 1828 Rauzon 44 submerged and 1828 Ho‘i i Ka Mole o Lehua 1941 Photo courtesy of Bishop Museum. The Russian ship Moller formally 1854 1923 fast lands in “discovers” Kauö (Laysan). Pearl and Hermes Atoll. 1857 1909 Rauzon 101 1984 the NWHI are 1859 1908 A Bishop Museum 1898 “ceded” Native 1872 Expedition finds 25 1854 1894 additional archaeo- 1885 Hawaiian Kamehameha III claims Holoikauaua 1893 logical sites on Nihoa 1886 (Pearl and Hermes Reef). 1890 and Necker. lands and are Rauzon 143 Cleghorn 9, 40 an integral part King Kamehameha IV Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Museum Archives. of Hawaiian 1909 1857 1941 President Theodore Roosevelt history and Kamehameha IV visits Nihoa Pihemanu (Midway) is bombed by the creates the Hawaiian Islands and annexes this island as well Japanese on the same day as Pearl Harbor, Reservation, a preserve and culture. OHA as the rest of the Northwestern setting off the U.S. entry into World War II. breeding ground for native birds, Hawaiian Islands to the Rauzon 157 has a duty to which extends from Holoikauaua Hawaiian Kingdom. (Pearl and Hermes Reef) to Emory 9; Rauzon 101 protect its Nihoa and includes Photo courtesy of Bishop Museum. French Frigate Shoals Bubby bird on Nihoa. ca. 1933 Känemiloha‘i (Kure). interests in the E.O. 1019 1923 1859 The Tanager Expedition sets out for “ceded” lands the NWH Islands, including Nihoa Captain N.C. Brooks “discovers” Pihemanu (Midway) and claims it for the and Necker where they find 115 and preserve U.S. under the Guano Act of 1856, a law that authorizes Americans to 1908 archaeological sites that includes temporarily occupy unclaimed Pacific islands to obtain guano. The rights to remove “products of whatever ancient house, agricultural and Native Rauzon 148 nature from the islands” of Kauö (Laysan) and Papa‘äpoho (Lisianski) are given to Genkichi religious sites. Kenneth Emory is a Hawaiian Photo courtesy of Bishop Museum. Northcliff, Nihoa. Yamanouchi, who exports tons of feathers and part of this expedition. Cleghorn 9, 40 1872 1885 bird wings. sacred sites Captain Dowsett of the whale ship Lili‘uokalani visits Rauzon 107 located in the Kamehameha discovers Dowsett Reef, Nihoa with an entourage of 200 as part of just north of Nalukakala (Maro Reef) a scientific expedition. NWHI. As the which was “discovered” in 1820 by “Huaka‘i i Nihoa” 2 Captain Allen. 1898 lead agency for Rauzon 95-6 The U.S. annexes “the Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies” through a Joint Native 1886 Resolution of Annexation. Most of the NWH Queen Lili‘uokalani Four stone images from Islands are incorporated into the U.S. Hawaiians, Känemiloha‘i (Kure) is for- Necker Island collected Yamase 152-3 mally annexed to the Hawaiian OHA is also an in 1894. ca. 1910 Reading the Proclamation of Kingdom by King Kaläkaua. Annexation, Necker Island. Left-right: State Archives, Int. Dept. Letters Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Museum Archives. advocate for Br.28 Gregory, King, Freeman, three sailers. the protection May 27, 1894 1894 of Native Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Museum The Annexation Party lands on Necker Island, Archives. Photographer: Ben H. Norton. 1890 hoists their government flag, and reads a Hawaiian The Hawaiian Kingdom allows Captain George D. proclamation claiming Necker as part of the Freeth and Captain Charles N. Spencer to mine Provisional Government to the island’s traditional and guano on Kauö (Laysan) and other Northwestern wildlife. Hawaiian Islands for 20 years for a royalty of 50 Emory 54-8 customary cents per ton. rights to Rauzon 102 1893 access, gather The Hawaiian Kingdom is overthrown. and maintain Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Nihoa Island. ca. 1933 traditional Museum Archives. Photographer: U.S. Army 11th Photo practices in the Photo altered courtesy of Bishop Museum Archives. West Lehua Island, elevation 500 ft. Reconnaissance Squadron, Photographer: Kieffer Fleet Air Base, Pearl Harbor. July 10, 1920 Section B. NWHI. Kumulipo: Northwestern Hawaiian Island Names A Native Hawaiian cosmogonic chant. Rauzon 34 Hänau ka pö Känemiloha‘i Kure Born was the night Holoikauaua Pihemanu Pearl and Hermes Reef Hänau Kumulipo i ka pö, he käne Midway Kauö Born was Kumulipo in the night, a male Papa‘äpoho Laysan Island Pühähonu Hänau Pö‘ele i ka pö, he wahine Lisianski Island Gardner Pinnacles Born was Pö ‘ele in the night, a female Nalukakala Mokupäpapa Maro Reef French Frigate Shoals Hänau ka Uku-ko‘ako‘a Nihoa Born was the coral polyp Mokumanamana Lehua Kaua‘i Hänau käna, he Ako‘ako‘a puka Necker O‘ahu Ni‘ihau Moloka‘i Ka‘ula Born of him a coral colony emerged Läna‘i Maui Johnson 3-4 Kaho‘olawe Content compiled and designed by OHA staff: Hawai‘i Caitriona Kearns, Healani Sonoda and Jerry Norris..