YEARBOOK ON . HUMAN RIGHTS .FOR 1980 UNI:rED NATIONS New York, 1988 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publica­ tion do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, ter­ ritory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its fron­ tiers or boundaries. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.85.XIV.8 ISBN 92-1-154055-0 ISSN 025}-6519 04500P CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION " .. .. • xxi .Part I NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION A. STATES ARGENTINA A. Condemnation ofracial segregation and apartheid. .. ..... ..... .. ..... .. ... 3 B. Promotion of understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations,racial and ethnic groups : ;......... 3 AUSTRALIA Introduction: general legal framework............................................. 5 A. Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of certain racial groups or-individuals belonging to them 6 B. Right to life.......................................................................... 6 C.- Protection against cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment 7 D. Prohibition ofincitement to discrimination, hostility or violence 8 E. Equal protection ofthe law...................................................... 8 F.' Rights of persons convicted ofserious criminal offences.................. 9 G. Right to an effective remedy..................................................... 9 H. Right ofeveryone charged with a penal offence to all the guarantees necessary for his defence .. ::..................................................... 10 I. Protection·against arbitrary interference with privacy..................... 11 J. Freedom ofopinion and expression............................................ 12 K. Political rights : _ 12 L. Right to education 13 M. Promotion of understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial and ethnic groups.................. 14 N. Right to take part in cultural life '".. 15 O. Right to a social and international ot:der in which human rights can be realized ;.. ... 16 AUSTRIA Guarantees as to extradition · 17 iii Page BELGIUM A. Freedom of movement and residence; right ofasylum..................... 18 B. Freedom of opinion and information; freedom of peaceful assembly and association 19 C. Political rights...................................................................... 20 BoLIVIA Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of cer- tain racial groups or individuals belonging to them 21 BULGARIA A. Condemnation of racial segregation and apartheid......................... 22 B. Right to an effective remedy..................................................... 22 C. Protection ofthe family, motherhood and childhood 23 D. Right to health...................................................................... 23 E. Promotion of' understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial and ethnic groups............................................... 23 F. Right to take part in the cultural life ofthe community.................... 24 BURUNDI A. Condemnation of racial segregation and apartheid ,......... 25 B. Equitable judicial system......................................................... 25 C. Right to marry; protection ofthe family...................................... 26 D. Economic, social and cultural rights 27 BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET SoCIALlST'REpUBLlC ' A. Equality before the law........................................................... 28 B. Protection of the family, motherhood and childhood 28 C. Politicafrights...................................................................... 28 D. Economic, social and cultural rights 29 E. Right to an adequate standard of living........................................ 29 F. Right to take part in the cultural life of the community and to enjoy the benefits ofscientific progress................................................ 30 CANADA A. Condemnation ofracial segregation and apartheid.....·.................... 31 B. Elimination of discrimination on grounds of sex............................ 31 C. Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them..................... 32 D. Right to liberty and security of person; right not to be subjected to ar- bitrary arrest or detention........................................................ 34 iv Page E. Prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment; treatment of offenders............................................................ 35 F. Prohibition of incitement to racial discrimination.......................... 35 G. Right to equal protection of the law.................... 35 H. Right to an effective remedy....................................... 36 1. Right to a public trial _.............................. 36 J. Presumption of innocence; non-retroactivity of criminal law 37 K. Promotion of understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial and ethnic groups............ 38 CAPE VERDE Political rights ~.................................... 40 CHILE Introduction: general legal framework.. 41 A. Right to life, liberty and security of person................................... 42 B. Equality before the law.. 42 C. Right to an effective remedy..................................................... 43 D. Civil and political rights.......................................................... 44 E. Economic, socialand cultural rights........................................... 44 CoSTA RiCA A. Elimination ofracial discrimination........................................... 45 B. Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them..................... 45 C. Promotion of understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial and ethnic groups ;.... 46 CuBA A. Right to work....................................................................... 47 B. Right to education................................................................. 48 C. Right to a social and international order in which human rights can be realized. ......................................... ..................................... 49 CYPRUS A. Right to security of person....................................................... 50 B. Right to an effective remedy; right to a prompt trial....................... 50 C. Right to social security............................................................ 51 D. Cultural rights 51 E. Rigi,t to rest and leisure........... 52 F. Right to an adequate standard ofliving 52 v Page G. Promotion of understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial and ethnic groups............................................... 53 H. Right to a social and international order in which human rights can be realized. ........... ..... ..... ..... .. ... ....................... ...... ..... ........ ... .. 53 CzECHOSLOVAKIA A. -Protection ofthe family, motherhood and childhood 54 B. Right to education................................................................. 54 C. Protection ofthe interests of authors; freedom ofscientific research... 54 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REpUBLIC OF KOREA Right to health 56 DEMOCRATIC YEMEN Equality before the law................................................................ 57 DENMARK A. Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them..................... 58 B. Prohibition ofincitement to racial discrimination 58 C. Protection ofthe family, motherhood and childhood 59 D. Right to an adequate standard ofliving (right to health) 59 EGYPT Condemnation ofracial segregation and apartheid............................. 60 EL SALVADOR A. Realization of economic rights.................................................. 61 B. Limitations on rights. States ofemergency................................... 61 C. Prevention ofterrorism........................................... 62 ETHIOPIA A. Elimination of all forms ofracial discrimination............................ 63 B. Political rights......... 63 C. Right to education..................... 64 FIJI Condemnation of racial segregation and apartheid 65 vi Page FINLAND Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of cer- tain racial groups or individuals belonging to them 66 FRANCE A. Prohibition of incitement to racial discrimination.......................... 67 B. Right to a social and international order in which human rights can be realized "... 67 C. Limitations on rights. States of emergency.................... 68 GAMBIA Protection of human rights and freedoms......................................... 69 GERMAND DEMOCRATIC REpUBLIC A. Protection ofminorities 70 B. Equality before the law........................................................... 70 C. Right to protection of the law................................................... 71 D. Freedom of peaceful assembly.................................................. 71 E. Right to education................................................................. 72 F. Right to take part in cultural life and to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and the protection of the interests ofauthors..................... 72 GERMANY, FEDERAL REpUBLIC OF A. Elimination of racial discrimination: development and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them..................... 73 B. Principle