Preface Welcome to this issue of Sub-Saharan Business Environment Report 2012-2013. This is the second SABER volume that provides "Business information at a ready glance." The most current data at 'press time' are presented here. The diverse audiences for the SABER reports range from academics (faculty and stu- dents), to policy makers and business persons (owners, managers, and consultants). SABER 2011 has also been used in colleges and business schools in Africa and elsewhere. We ask that any parts of SABER used be credited and referenced correctly. Data for all 47 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) would be useful, but the text and tables would be too large for a portable report. Hence SABER 2012-2013 focuses on the 20 countries with the highest GDP, even omitting some countries in which the authors have resided and worked in for many years. SABER 2012- 2013 features regional and countries reports with information and statistical data from the major print sources and websites that are illustrative of the main political events, business deals (imports, exports, gov- ernment and foreign investments), and social aspects. Each Regional Summary and Country Report high- light current features using six topics: Political Stability, Economic Growth, Trade and Agriculture, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Doing Business, Business Culture and Stock Markets, Infrastructure (Construc- tion, Energy, Telecommunications, etc.), and Health and Social Aspects. The bullet points aim to be descrip- tive and illustrative rather than all inclusive. Appendix A: Tables of Data and Indicators have been specially constructed for SABER 2012, using the most current data from online data banks sources. Appendix B con- tains Sources Monitored; Appendix on Business Culture makes its debut in this edition. Appendix D Refer- ences Country Report is only on the website. SABER 2012-13 is online. Also online is Appendix D: References for each Country Report. http://warrington.ufl.edu/ciber/publications/saber.asp Many businesspeople are concerned about African business parameters in terms of management and busi- ness practices, as well as the influences of domestic political and social factors. Many African companies and businesspeople are working to correct stereotypic images and improve the business environment. Afri- can business endeavors are vibrant and dynamic in many countries and sectors, and we aim to distinguish attractive from problematic conditions. African entrepreneurship ranges from local, to regional, and to global, and from local to multinational. FDI and business deals span the globe, as do African exports and imports. We emphasize African links, deals, exports and imports in this era of globalization within Africa, and with the United States, China, and Europe. SABER 2012-2013 includes attention to trade and invest- ments with and from China. With SABER 2012-2013, we are focused on producing a set of the most useful country information and indi- cators pulled from raw data in many publications, databases, and websites. Our extensive research and travel in Africa help in the selection and primacy of the topics and summaries from the many journals and news stories for the current year. Please send us your comments so we can improve future reports. Anita Spring, Ph.D. Robert Rolfe, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Anthropology & African Studies Professor of International Business University of Florida University of South Carolina [email protected] [email protected] © 2013 (October) Anita Spring and Robert Rolf. i SABER 2012-2013 Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................ i SABER Introduction and Methods ....................................................................................... 1 Structure of the Report: Models and Materials ...................................................... 1 Components of the SSA Business Environment...................................................... 3 Model of a Country Report ..................................................................................... 3 Statistical Data and Indicators ............................................................................... 5 What is new in SABER 2012-2013? ......................................................................... 6 The SSA Business Environment ........................................................................................... 7 Political Stability .................................................................................................... 7 Economic Growth and Trade .................................................................................. 8 Infrastructure and Foreign Investment.................................................................. 9 Business Climate .................................................................................................... 9 Health and Social Aspects .................................................................................... 10 Summary of SABER West African Countries ..................................................................... 14 Côte d’Ivoire ......................................................................................................... 18 Ghana .................................................................................................................. 21 Nigeria ................................................................................................................. 25 SABER Central African Countries ..................................................................................... 33 Summary of SABER Central African Countries .................................................... 33 Cameroon ............................................................................................................ 37 Equatorial Guinea ................................................................................................ 43 Gabon .................................................................................................................. 46 Republic of the Congo .......................................................................................... 49 SABER East African Countries ......................................................................................... 53 Summary of East African Countries ..................................................................... 53 Ethiopia ............................................................................................................... 58 Kenya ................................................................................................................... 61 Sudan ................................................................................................................... 66 Tanzania .............................................................................................................. 66 Uganda .................................................................................................................. 71 SABER Southern African Countries .................................................................................. 75 Summary of Southern African Countries ............................................................. 75 Angola .................................................................................................................. 79 Botswana ............................................................................................................. 82 Mozambique ........................................................................................................ 85 Namibia ............................................................................................................... 88 South Africa ......................................................................................................... 91 Zambia ................................................................................................................. 96 Appendices .................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix A......................................................................................................... 100 Appendix B......................................................................................................... 123 Appendix C .......................................................................................................... 127 Appendix D: References for Country Reports..................................................... 132 ii SABER 2012-2013 List of Figures Figure 1: Map of Fifteen African Multi-State Regional Trade Agreements .........................................................1 Figure 2: Membership in Regional Trade Agreements for 20 SABER Countries .............................................. 2 Figure 3: Components of the SSA Business Environment (Source: 2012-2013) ................................................ 4 Figure 4: The SABER Country Report Model (Source: 2012-2013) .................................................................... 4 Figure 5: SABER Business Environment Evaluation .......................................................................................... 11 Figure 6: SSA GDP growth (annual %) ................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 7:SABER Countries GDP Growth (annual %), by Region......................................................................