International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 Preliminary Report Arabian Sea Monsoon Deep sea drilling in the Arabian Sea: constraining tectonic-monsoon interactions in South Asia 31 March–31 May 2015 D.K. Pandey, P.D. Clift, D.K. Kulhanek, S. Andò, J.A.P. Bendle, S. Bratenkov, E.M. Griffith, G.P. Gurumurthy, A. Hahn, M. Iwai, B.-K. Khim, A. Kumar, A.G. Kumar, H.M. Liddy, H. Lu., M.W. Lyle, R. Mishra, T. Radhakrishna, C.M. Routledge, R. Saraswat, R. Saxena, G. Scardia, G.K. Sharma, A.D. Singh, S. Steinke, K. Suzuki, L. Tauxe, M. Tiwari, Z. Xu, and Z. Yu Publisher’s notes Core samples and the wider set of data from the science program covered in this report are under moratorium and accessible only to Science Party members until 29 August 2016. This publication was prepared by the International Ocean Discovery Program JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (IODP JRSO) as an account of work performed under the International Ocean Dis- covery Program. Funding for the program is provided by the following implementing organizations and international partners: National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazil Disclaimer Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the participating agencies, Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M Research Foundation. Portions of this work may have been published in whole or in part in other International Ocean Discovery Program documents or publications. Copyright Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction is permitted, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Pandey, D.K., Clift, P.D., Kulhanek, D.K., Andò, S., Bendle, J.A.P., Bratenkov, S., Griffith, E.M., Gurumurthy, G.P., Hahn, A., Iwai, M., Khim, B.-K., Kumar, A., Kumar, A.G., Liddy, H.M., Lu., H., Lyle, M.W., Mishra, R., Rad- hakrishna, T., Routledge, C.M., Saraswat, R., Saxena, R., Scardia, G., Sharma, G.K., Singh, A.D., Steinke, S., Suzuki, K., Tauxe, L., Tiwari, M., Xu, Z., and Yu, Z., 2015. Expedition 355 Preliminary Report: Arabian Sea Mon- soon. International Ocean Discovery Program. http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.355.2015 ISSN World Wide Web: 2372-9562 July 2015 D.K. Pandey et al. Expedition 355 Preliminary Report Expedition 355 participants Expedition 355 scientists Dhananjai K. Pandey Sophia Bratenkov Boo-Keun Khim Co-Chief Scientist Organic Geochemist Sedimentologist Department of Marine Geophysics Department of Earth and Planetary Departmnet of Oceanography National Centre for Antarctic and Sciences Pusan National University Ocean Research (NCAOR) Faculty of Science and Engineering 63 Beongil 2, Busandaehag-ro Vasco da Gama Macquarie University Busan 609-735 Goa 403804 Level 2, The Australian Hearing Hub Republic of Korea India 16 University Avenue [email protected] [email protected] Sydney NSW 2109 Anil Kumar Australia Peter D. Clift Sedimentologist [email protected] Co-Chief Scientist Department of Science and Technology Department of Geology and Geophysics Elizabeth M. Griffith Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Louisiana State University Downhole Measurements/Physical Dehradun E253 Howe-Russell-Kniffen Geoscience Properties Specialist 33 GMS Road, Dehradun Complex Department of Earth and Uttrakhand 248001 Baton Rouge LA 70803 Environmental Sciences India USA University of Texas at Arlington [email protected] [email protected] Geosciences Building, Room 107 A. Ganesh Kumar 500 Yates Street Denise K. Kulhanek Microbiologist Arlington TX 76019 Expedition Project Manager/ Marine Biotechnology Department USA Staff Scientist National Institute of Ocean Technology [email protected] International Ocean Discovery Velachery-Tambaram Main Road Program Gundiga P. Gurumurthy Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100 Texas A&M University Inorganic Geochemist India 1000 Discovery Drive Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences [email protected] College Station TX 77845 Manipal University Hannah M. Liddy USA Dr. T.M.A. Pai Planetarium Building Organic Geochemist [email protected] Manipal 576104 Department of Earth Sciences India Sergio Andò University of Southern California [email protected] Sedimentologist 3651 Trousdale Parkway Department of Earth and Annette Hahn Los Angeles CA 90089 Environmental Sciences Physical Properties Specialist USA University of Milano Bicocca MARUM [email protected] Piazza della Scienza 4 University of Bremen Huayu Lu 20126 Milan Leobener Strasse Sedimentologist Italy 28359 Bremen School of Geographical and [email protected] Germany Oceanographical Sciences [email protected] James A.P. Bendle Nanjing University Organic Geochemist Masao Iwai 163 Xianlin Avenue School of Geography, Earth and Paleontologist (diatoms) Nanjing 210023 Environmental Sciences Department of Natural Science China University of Birmingham Faculty of Science [email protected] Edgbaston Kochi University Birmingham B15 2TT 2-5-1 Akebono-cho United Kingdom Kochi 780-8520 [email protected] Japan [email protected] 3 D.K. Pandey et al. Expedition 355 Preliminary Report Mitchell W. Lyle Rakesh Saxena Kenta Suzuki Sedimentologist/Stratigraphic Correla- Downhole Measurements/Physical Sedimentologist tor Properties Specialist Graduate School of Environmental College of Earth, Ocean and ONGC Science Atmospheric Sciences 11 High, Bandra-Sion Link Road Hokkaido University Oregon State University Mumbai 400017 N10W5, Kita-ku 104 CEOAS Adiministration Building India Sapporo 060-0810 Corvallis OR 97331 [email protected] Japan USA [email protected] Giancarlo Scardia [email protected] Paleomagnetist/Stratigraphic Correlator Lisa Tauxe Ravi Mishra Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Paleomagnetist Sedimentologist Exatas Scripps Institution of Oceanography IODP-India Universidade Estadual Paulista 9500 Gilman Drive National Centre for Antarctic and 1515 Avenida 24-A La Jolla CA 92093-0220 Ocean Research (NCAOR) Rio Claro SP 13506-900 USA Vasco da Gama Brazil [email protected] Goa 403804 [email protected] Manish Tiwari India Girish K. Sharma Inorganic Geochemist [email protected] Paleontologist (radiolarians) National Centre for Antarctic and Tallavajhala Radhakrishna Deparment of Geology Ocean Research (NCAOR) Paleomagnetist/Petrologist Kumaun University Vasco da Gama Geosciences Division Nainital 263002 Goa 403804 National Centre for Earth Science India India Studies [email protected] [email protected] Aakkulam Trivandrum 695031 Arun D. Singh Zhaokai Xu India Paleontologist (foraminifers) Sedimentologist [email protected] Department of Geology Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Claire M. Routledge Banaras Hindu University Environment Paleontologist (nannofossils) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 Institute of Oceanology Department of Earth, Ocean and India Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric Sciences [email protected] 7 Nanhai Road Florida State University Qingdao Shandong 266071 Stephan Steinke Carraway Building China Paleontologist (foraminifers) 909 Antarctic Way [email protected] MARUM – Center for Marine Tallahassee FL 32306 Environmental Sciences Zhaojie Yu USA University of Bremen Inorganic Geochemist [email protected] Leobener Strasse Laboratoire Géosciences Paris-Sud Rajeev Saraswat 28359 Bremen (GEOPS, UMR8148-CNRS) Physical Properties Specialist Germany Université de Paris-Sud (Orsay) Geological Oceanography Division [email protected] Bâtiment 504 National Institute of Oceanography 91405 Orsay Cedex Dona Paula France Goa 403004 [email protected] India [email protected] Siem Offshore AS Officials Terry Skinner Sam McLelland Master of the Drilling Vessel Offshore Installation Manager 4 D.K. Pandey et al. Expedition 355 Preliminary Report Technical support Susan Boehm Edwin Garrett Erik Moortgat X-Ray Laboratory Paleomagnetics Laboratory Chemistry Laboratory Adam Bogus Thomas Gorgas Vincent Percuoco Underway Geophysics Laboratory Core Laboratory Chemistry Laboratory Chad Broyles Margaret Hastedt Chieh Ping Curatorial Specialist Core Laboratory Laboratory Officer Etienne Claassen Michael Hodge Michael Storms Marine Instrumentation Specialist Marine Computer Specialist Operations Superintendent Bill Crawford David Houpt Kerry Swain Senior Imaging Specialist Core Laboratory Logging Engineer Aaron de Loach Jan Jurie Kotze Steven Thomas Physical Properties Laboratory Marine Instrumentation Specialist Marine Computer Specialist Keith Dupuis Aaron Mechler Rui Wang Publications Specialist Thin Section Laboratory Applications Developer David Fackler Applications Developer 5 D.K. Pandey et al. Expedition 355 Preliminary Report Abstract or continental flood basalt. However, the fact that the lavas are mas- sive and have few vesicles implies water depths of eruption likely The Indian (southwest) summer monsoon is one of the most in- deeper than 2000 m. This precludes opening of the basin in the tense climatic phenomena on Earth. Its long-term development has presence of a major mantle thermal anomaly, such as that associated