Republic of Rwanda Energy, Water and Sanitation Authority REPUBLIC OF RWANDA DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN RWANDA FINAL REPORT August 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPETATION AGENCY (JICA) NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. IL JR 13-134 Republic of Rwanda Energy, Water and Sanitation Authority REPUBLIC OF RWANDA DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN RWANDA FINAL REPORT August 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPETATION AGENCY (JICA) NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. IL JR 13-134 Great Rift Valley RWANDA Kinigi Karisimbi Gisenyi Bugarama Location Map General View of the Drilling Site Water Supply Tank (4,000m3 x 3 tanks), Two tanks were ready to use. Tank No.3 under construction Pipe lines around tanks Submersible pumps at Karago Lake Water intake at Karago Lake (Q=150m3, H=25m）x 2 pumps Pump station at Karago Lake Pump Station at Karago Lake (Q=155m3, V=536m) x 2 pumps Valve arrangement Delivery pipe near Karago Lake (8”) at Karago lake pump station Booster pumps Booster pump station (Q=155m3, H= 268m）x 2 pumps Valve arrangement Pipe arrangement to the tank at the booster pump station at the booster pump station Pipe arrangement Pipe arrangement along a main road along a street in front of houses Pipe arrangement at a bend point Pipe bend arrangement without pipe support Pipe on a rock support Pipe arrangement along a rural road Delivery pine near Karago Lake Water supply by water tracks Drilling bit Operation stage BOP Drilling (kelly in the middle) Rock sampling location Silencer Bondi Caldera - Water disappeared in 1950th Bondi Caldera – Basalt out crop Crops on the bottom Bondi Caldera – Basalt out crop Bondi Caldera – Calcite vain EWSA Geologist at the outcrop Granit behind, lava in front Stereoscope procured by ICEIDA-ISOR Sampling vessels supplied by ICEIDA-ISOR Geologist from ISOR on lecture Drilling monitor in geologist room at site Drilling program finalization Drilling program finalization Construction of water intake by the army Low viscosity lava flow Rubindi spring (dray season) Rubindi spring (wet season) Rwandan children at spring EIA team at site (BTC support) (Blank Page) Data Collection Survey Final Report on Geothermal Development in Rwanda Table of Contents Location Map Photographs CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and Scope ................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Study Area ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Terms of Reference .............................................................................................. 2 1.2.4 Survey Period ...................................................................................................... 3 1.2.5 Survey Schedule .................................................................................................. 3 1.2.6 JICA Team Members ........................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION MADE AVAILABLE TO THE JICA TEAM ................... 6 CHAPTER 3 OUTLINE OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN .. 8 3.1 National Development Plan ...................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Rwanda Vision 2020 (July 2000) ........................................................................ 8 3.2 Energy and Electricity Development Plan ............................................................. 11 3.2.1 [DRAFT] National Energy Policy and Strategy (May 2011) ........................... 11 3.2.2 [DRAFT] Electricity Development Strategy (2011-2017) ................................ 16 3.3 Geothermal Development Plan ............................................................................... 20 3.3.1 [DRAFT] Rwanda Geothermal Resources Exploration and Development for 2011-2017 (December 2010) ....................................................................................... 20 3.4 Development Partner Project Matrix-Energy Sector (January 2012) ................... 23 3.5 Assistance from Donors for Geothermal Development .......................................... 25 CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ON GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL ................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Reconnaissance Geothermique de la Republique du Rwanda (in French) by the French Bureau of Geology and Mining Research (BRGM) (1983) ............................... 26 4.2 Preliminary Assessment of Rwanda’s Geothermal Energy Development Potential by Chevron (27 November 2006) ................................................................................... 26 4.3 Feasibility Design of an Integrated Single-Flash Binary Pilot Power Plant in NW-Rwanda by Theoneste Uhorakeye (2008) .............................................................. 28 4.4 Geothermal Potential Assessment in the Virunga Geothermal Prospect, Northern Rwanda by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) (1 Nippon Koei Co., Ltd Data Collection Survey Final Report on Geothermal Development in Rwanda August 2009) .................................................................................................................. 28 4.5 Assessing Generating Capacity of Rwanda Geothermal Field from Green Field Data Only by Uwera Rutagarama (2009) ..................................................................... 30 4.6 Geothermal Potential Appraisal of Karisimbi Prospect, Rwanda (Combined Report) by Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) (March 2010) ............. 32 4.7 Rwanda Geothermal Resources Potential by the Ministry of Infrastructure, Republic of Rwanda (1 December 2011)........................................................................ 35 4.8 Geoscientific Survey of the Rwandan Karisimbi, Gisenyi, and Kinigi Geothermal Prospects by the Institute of Earth Science and Engineering (IESE) of The University of Auckland, New Zealand (15 October 2012)............................................................... 36 4.9 [DRAFT] Data and Final Report Validation Workshop, Organized by the Energy, Water, and Sanitation Authority (EWSA) (9-10 January 2013) .................................. 41 CHAPTER 5 REVIEW OF DOCUMENTS PROVIDED ON EXPLORATORY WELL DRILLING ............................................................................................................... 44 5.1 Technical Specifications (Tender Documents, April 2011) ..................................... 44 5.1.1 Tender Document for Provision of Drilling Services for Three Geothermal Exploration Wells in Karisimbi, EWSA (April 2011) ................................................ 44 5.1.2 Tender Document for Provision of Drilling Materials for Three Geothermal Exploration Wells in Karisimbi, EWSA (April 2011) ................................................ 45 5.2 Review of Geothermal Development Schedule – Plan for Drilling of Three Geothermal Exploration Wells in Karisimbi, Rwanda, ISOR (8 September 2011) ..... 46 CHAPTER 6 Report of Site Reconnaissance ................................................................. 49 6.1 First Site Survey in Rwanda ................................................................................... 49 6.1.1 Inception Meeting ............................................................................................. 49 6.1.2 Site Reconnaissance Survey ............................................................................. 50 6.2 Second Field Survey in Rwanda ............................................................................. 52 6.2.1 Kick-off Meeting ................................................................................................ 52 6.2.2 Site Survey for Confirmation of Site Conditions ............................................. 52 CHAPTER 7 OBSERVATIONS ON GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT .. 54 7.1 Consideration of Regional Tectonic Geology ........................................................... 54 7.2 Rock Classification and Implication ....................................................................... 57 7.3 Geochemical and Hydrogeological Considerations ................................................. 60 7.3.1 Chemistry of Hot and Cold Springs ................................................................. 60 7.3.2 Isotopes of Hot and Cold Water ........................................................................ 63 7.3.3 Summary of Geochemical Considerations ....................................................... 66 7.3.4 Groundwater Flow in the Study Area .............................................................. 67 Nippon Koei Co., Ltd Data Collection Survey Final Report on Geothermal Development in Rwanda 7.3.5 Summary of Geochemical Considerations ....................................................... 70 CHAPTER 8 ADVISORY SERVICE CONDUCTED .................................................... 71 8.1 Preparation of Application for Geothermal Risk Mitigation Facility .................... 71 8.2 Preparation of Drilling Program ............................................................................. 72 8.3 Advice on Cement Slurry ........................................................................................