UC-NRLF SB 75 T7D REPORT fIFTH UJMIVE^S/cL pE/cCE CONGRESS, CHICAGO, 1 70 , ' BOSTON : \ THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. GIFT Of OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE FIFTH UNIVERSAL PEACE CONGRESS HELD AT CHICAGO, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AUGUST 14 TO 20, 1893, TJBTDEIR THE ^.TJSFICES OF THJ5 World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY, BOSTON. i " Not Things, But Men." THE WORLD'S CONGRESS AUXILIARY OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN" EXPOSITION OF 1893. President: CHARLES C. BONNEY. Vice-President: THOMAS B. BRYAN. Treasurer: LYMAN J. GAGE. Secretaries: BENJ. BUTTERWORTH, CLARENCE E. YOUNG. WOMAN'S BRANCH OF THE AUXILIARY. MRS. POTTER PALMER, President. MRS. CHARLES HENROTIN, Vice-President. OEPARTMEIVT OF GOVERNMENT. GENERAL DIVISION OF ARBITRATION AND PEACE, Committee of Organization. THOMAS B. BRYAN, Chairman. MURRAY F. TULEY, BENJ. F. TRUEBLOOD, JAMES T. RALEIGH, ALLEN W. FLITCRAFT, GEORGE F. STONE, J. M. FISKE, JESSE A. BALDWIN, WILLIAM B. BOGERT, GEORGE N. BOARDMAN, T. J. LAWRENCE, CHARLES H. HOWARD. Woman's Committee of Organization. MRS. THOMAS J. LAWRENCE, Chairman. MRS. MARTHA FOOTE CROW, MRS. FREDERICK A. SMITH, MRS. I. S. BLACKWELDER. Committee on Program and Correspondence. BENJAMIN F. TRUEBLOOD, Chairman. GEORGE F. STONE, MRS. FREDERICK A. SMITH. PEACE AND ARBITRATION CONGRESS. HON. JOSIAH QUINCY, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C., President. BENJAMIN F. TRUEBLOOD, LL.D., Secretary of the American Peace Society, Boston, Secretary. VICE-PRESIDENTS. SIR JOSEPH W. PEASE, M. P., London; FREDERIC PASSY, Member of the Institute, Paris; FREDRIK BAJER, M. P., Copenhagen; BJORNSTJORNE BJORNSON, Aulestad, Norway; THE BARONESS VON SUTTNER, Vienna; DR. FRANZ WIRTH, Frankfort; * LOUIS RUCHONNET, Federal Counsellor, Berne; AUGUSTE COUVREUR, Brussels; E. T. MONET A, Milan; HODGSON PRATT, Esq., London; THE BISHOP OF DURHAM, England; HON. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, Boston; ALFRED H. LOVE, Philadelphia; HON. DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, New York. * Deceased since the Congress. PROGRAM OF THE FIFTH UNIVERSAL PEACE CONGRESS. M01VDAY, AUGUST 14, 8 P.M. OPENING SESSION. 1 ADDRESSES OF WELCOME. 2 "THE WHITE CITY BY THE INLAND SEA.." Poem, Hezekiah Butterworth, Boston. 3 ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS. 4 RESPONSES BY DELEGATES FROM DIFFERENT NATIONS. TUESDAY, AUGUST 15, 1O A. M. Peace Societies and Congresses. 1 Poem, Maria Louise Eve, Augusta, Ga. 2 Origin, Principles and Purposes of Peace Societies, W. Evans Darby, LL.D., London. 3 History and Work of Peace Societies in Europe, William C. Braithwaite, Counsellor at Law, London. 4 History and Work of Peace Societies in America, Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D., Boston. 5 Peace Congresses, Conferences and the International Peace Bureau, Elie Ducommun, Secretary International Peace Bureau, Berne. TUESDAY, AUGUST 15, 3 P.M. Economic Aspects of War. 1 Waste of Life and Property, etc., Hon. David Dudley Field, New York, and Hon. Angelo Mazzoleni, Milan, Italy. 2 What is War? E. T. Moneta, Editor of II Secolo, Milan, Italy. 3 Burdens Inflicted on the People by War, Dr. Adolf Richter, Pforzheim, Germany. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1O A.M. Woman and War. 1 Poem, Mrs. Martha D. Lincoln (Bessie Beach), Washington. 2 The Curse of War Upon Woman, Rev. Amanda Deyo, Scranton, Pa. 3 The Peace Flag as a Means of Education as Well as Arbitration, Mrs. Mary Frost Ormsby, New York. " 4 The Woman's Corps of the Bleeding Heart," Mrs. Edward Roby, Chicago. 5 Woman's Power to Uphold or to Suppress War, Mrs. L. Ormiston Chant, London. 6 Organizations of Women for the Promotion of Peace. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, 3 P.M. Special Conference. Ecclesiastical Conference, in Reference to a Petition from the Various Christian Bodies of the World to Governments in Behalf of Arbitration. THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 1O A. M. International Arbitration. 1 A Military Man's View of Arbitration, General Charles H. Howard, Chicago. 2 Organization of a Permanent International Court of Arbitration; Its Advantages, Constitution, Powers, Limitations, Proceedings, Location, etc. (a) Draft of a Plan for Such a Court, Hon. W. Allen Butler, Hon. Dorman B. Eaton and Mr. Cephas Brainerd, New York. (6) Advantages of a Permanent Court; Difficulty of Creating Tri- bunals for Special Cases, SirEdmond Hornby, London, (c) The Permanent International Tribunal, Edward Everett Hale, Boston. THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 3 P. M. Law of Xat ions. 1 The Reform of International Law; Possibility of its Codification by a Permanent International Tribunal, Dr. Fred J. Tomkins, AV M., D. C. L., Denver, Colo. 2 The Pan-American Congress; What it has Accomplished, Hon. William E. Curtis, Late Chief of Bureau of American Republics, Washington. Addresses by Sr. Don Nicanor Bolet Peraza, Venezuela; Sr. Don Manuel D. Peralta, Costa Rica, and others. FRIDAY, AUGUST 18, 1O A. ]*t. Tlie Fraternal Union of Peoples. 1 International Animosities ; How They may be Removed, Hodgson Pratt, Esq., President International Arbitration and Peace Association, London. 2 Motives and Means, Ex-Gov. John W. Hoyt, LL.D., Washington, D. C. 3 The Proper Relation of Nationality to Internationalism, Rev. George Dana Boardinan, D. D., LL.D., Philadelphia. A report on this subject by the International Peace Bureau will also be read. 4 Prophecies of Peace and War, Christian Arbitration and Peace Society, by its Secretary, Rev. H. S. Clubb, Philadelphia. FRIDAY, AUGUST 18, 3 P. Mi. Special meeting of the Delegates of the Peace Societies. Subjects to be considered : 1 Time and Place of the Next Peace Congress. 2 Peace Propaganda, in the Schools, in the Press, etc. 3 Representation of Peace Societies in the Peace Congresses. 4 The Universal Peace Petition. 5 Propositions with Reference to Disarmament and Conversion of Annies into Instruments of Industry. SATURDAY, AUGUST 19, 1O A. M. 1 Tribunals for the Settlement of Conflicts between Labor and Capital. 2 State Boards of Arbitration and Conciliation, Charles H. Walcott, President Massachusetts State Board of Arbi- tration. 3 Courts of Conciliation, Wm. Watts Folwell, Professor of Political Science and Lecturer on International Law in the University of Minnesota. 4 Commercial Arbitration by Boards of Trade, Mr. H. H. Aldrich, Board of Trade, Chicago. SUWI>AY, AUGUST 2O, 1O.3O A. Itt. Religious Peace Service. Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D., LL.D., President. 1 The Moral and Social Aspects of War, Rev. Philip S. Moxom, D, D., Boston. 2 The Religious Principles of the Peace Movement, Rev. Julius E. Grammer, D. D., Baltimore. FIFTH UNIVERSAL PEACE CONGRESS, CHICAGO, AUGUST 14 TO 20, f893. FIRST SESSION. The Fifth Universal Peace Congress was called to order at 8 P. M., August 14, 1893, in the Hall of Washington, Permanent Memorial Art Palace, Chicago, by Hon. C. C. Bonney, President of the World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition. The Divine blessing on the labors of the Congress was invoked by Dr. W. Evans Darby, of London. Mr. Bonney, on opening the Congress, made the follow- ing address of welcome : Friends of Arbitration and Peace ; of Peace on Earth and Good Will among men In the name of the Prince of Peace, whose Kingdom we seek to advance, in the name of the World's Congress Auxiliary, by which this Congress has been convened, and in the name of the Government of the United States, which has invited the attendance and participation of all other Nations, I give you cordial greeting. The original announcement of the World's Congresses of 1893 was sent by this Government to the Governments of other Coun- tries, and named among the great themes which the Congress will consider the : the of fraternal union following subjects grounds ; the language, literature, domestic life, religion, science, art and civil institutions different also international law of peoples ; as a bond of union and a means of mutual protection and how it may be best and also enlarged, perfected authoritatively expressed ; the establishment of the principles of judicial justice as the supreme law of international relations, and the general substitu- tion of arbitration for war in the settlement of international con- troversies. In the organization of the department of government of the World's Congress Auxiliary, of which the Congress on Arbitration and Peace forms one of the general divisions, and the other Con- gresses which were held during the last week, other divisions, these subjects were amplified, and the following among other specifications given : the advantages that would result from the establishment of a permanent International Court of Justice to declare the law and the right of all such cases as would be sub- mitted to it either for advice or for decision the ; organization of such a permanent International Court of Justice, how the mem- bers should be appointed, how its powers should be defined and limited, how its proceedings should be regulated, when and where its terms should be etc. also the held, ; expediency of establishing Courts of Conciliation and compelling suitors to resort thereto in the first instance. Publications containing these and other announcements were also sent by the Government of the United States to other nations. These subjects were thoroughly set forth in the preliminary address issued by the Committee of Organiza- tion in charge of the Congress. The Congress therefore convenes with a fixed and definite purpose and all the peace societies of of other America, and countries, have been cordially invited to unite in the work for which we have assembled. In the nature of things government