2010 Ibrahim Index of African Governance Summary 2010 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Summary published October 2010 copyright © 2010 Mo Ibrahim Foundation The Mo Ibrahim Foundation is committed to making data on governance quality in Africa freely available and accessible to all citizens of the continent and interested stakeholders. We welcome and encourage any reproduction, translation and dissemination of this material, and any feedback and comments on the Ibrahim Index. To request additional copies of this and other publications or to provide any feedback please email [email protected] Printed and bound in Swindon, England Designed and typeset by Text Matters (www.textmatters.com) Acknowledgements—2 Foreword—3 About the Ibrahim Index of African Governance—4 Commentaries on the Ibrahim Index—6 Governance and Infrastructure in Africa—7 African Governance and African Children—8 Tools and tactics for better natural resource governance—9 Key findings—13 Safety and Rule of Law—14 Participation and Human Rights—20 Sustainable Economic Opportunity—26 Human Development—32 Method and methodology—38 Project team—41 Source sheets—42 About the Foundation—47 Map of Africa—48 Centre-spread pull-out pages: Ibrahim Index of African Governance 2008/09 country rankings and scores Structure of the Ibrahim Index 2 2010 IBRAH2010 Acknowledgements I M INDEX OF The Ibrahim Index of African Governance is a progressive and They are: Karin Alexander (Idasa); Meaza Ashenafi (Ethiopian consultative project which has benefited enormously from the Women’s Lawyers Association and UNECA); Dr Mwesiga Baregu advice and expertise of many individuals and institutions. I wish (St. Augustine University of Tanzania); Professor Richard Calland to express warm thanks and appreciation for their support for the (University of Cape Town); Professor Chris Cramer (School of 2010 Ibrahim Index. Oriental and African Studies, University of London); Keli Gadzekpo A First and foremost, acknowledgement and gratitude must go to (Databank Ghana); Dr Abdalla Hamdok (United Nations Economic FR the Board Members of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation: the Chairman, Commission for Africa); Dr Samba Ka; Michael Keating (Africa I CAN GOVERNANCE: SUMMARY Mo Ibrahim; Lord Cairns; Nathalie Delapalme; Hadeel Ibrahim; Sir Progress Panel); Professor Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja (Africa Ketumile Masire; Dr Mamphela Ramphele; Mary Robinson; and Governance Institute); Dr ’Funmi Olonisakin (King’s College); Dr Salim Ahmed Salim. Okey Onyejekwe (Center for Sustainable Governance, Ethiopia); Julie Oyegun (The World Bank Group); Dr Irene Pogoson (University The Ibrahim Index has also benefited from intellectual of Ibadan); Dr Zene Tadesse (Association of African Women collaboration with Dr Daniel Kaufmann, of the Brookings Researchers for Development); and Dr Peter Wanyande (University Institution. His input into this year’s Index has been invaluable of Nairobi). The Technical Committee members are also members and he has played a central role in making the Index rigorous and of the Advisory Council. robust. Thanks must also go to Nicholas Ulanov, of The Ulanov Partnership, whose guidance and counsel has been especially The Ibrahim Index is a composite index and, as such, utilises data helpful in ensuring the diligence of this year’s Index. from a number of sources (a full list of data sources used in the Ibrahim Index is available at the back of this report). I would like Special thanks go to the Ibrahim Index Technical Committee to thank each of the organisations which provided the data for the members for so generously giving their time and expertise. 2010 Index, both for their support and feedback throughout the They are: Professor E. Gyimah Boadi (Afrobarometer/Centre process of producing the Index. Furthermore, the Index has gained for Democratic Development, Ghana); Professor Ali Hadi (The useful insight from individuals whose advice has helped further to American University in Cairo); Dr Ebrima Sall (CODESRIA); strengthen the Index. They are: Dr Alan Nicol, Director of Policy Professor Akilagpa Sawyerr (Former Head of the Association of and Programmes, World Water Council; and Dr Hakan Seckinelgin African Universities); Dr Piero Stanig (London School of Economics and Dr Sally Stares from the London School of Economics and and Political Science); and Dr Leonard Wantchekon (IREEP Benin Political Science. and New York University). Also on the Technical Committee are Board members Lord Cairns, Nathalie Delapalme, and Hadeel Last but not least, I must give special thanks to the members Ibrahim and special advisors Daniel Kaufmann and Nicholas Ulanov. of the Ibrahim Index research team: Salmana Ahmed, Elizabeth Their council and contribution have been invaluable. McGrath, and Kenza Ziar for their tireless work and dedication, and to Risha Chande and Simon Allison for their patience and support. I would also like to thank the Ibrahim Index Advisory Council I would also like thank the Mo Ibrahim Foundation’s Executive members who provided important feedback and recommendations Director, Hadeel Ibrahim, for her encouragement and judiciousness in the preparation of the 2010 Ibrahim Index. throughout the process of producing the Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Dr Hania Farhan Director of the Ibrahim Index Foreword We are pleased to present the 2010 Ibrahim We have made an additional improvement by Index of African Governance. introducing indicators assessing the provision The Ibrahim Index is the product of tireless of antiretroviral treatment, both for the general work and commitment. The Index team at the population and specifically for pregnant women. Foundation, led by Dr Hania Farhan, receive These are in place of our previous assessment my particular gratitude alongside our special of HIV prevalence rates and, importantly, are advisors Dr Daniel Kaufmann, co-producer demonstrative of governments’ actions on of the Worldwide Governance Indicators and the HIV pandemic that continues to challenge senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, our continent. and Nicholas Ulanov, founder of the Ulanov And finally, in this important year for taking Dr Mo Ibrahim Partnership. The Ibrahim Index is made possible stock of Africa’s progress with a number Founder and Chair of the 3 Mo Ibrahim Foundation by their dedication. Our Technical Committee of fiftieth independence anniversaries and members are now able to take an increasingly a summit to review progress towards the 2010 IBRAH2010 active role in the conception of the Index and I Millennium Development Goals, we have am grateful to them all for their support. Their been able to introduce an indicator assessing The Ibrahim input has been invaluable. My thanks also go statistical capacity. This indicator provides to the Advisory Council whose experience and insight into governments’ commitment to I Index is M INDEX OF expertise is benefitting the Index immensely outcomes driven policy-making and evaluation, aimed at and bringing new perspectives to bear. And as well as towards understanding the engaging our finally I would like to thank all the organisations experiences of their citizens, and the impact that provided us with data, such as the World that government action has on these. governments, A Bank and the International Fund for Agricultural We remain troubled by the patchiness of data FR I parliaments, Development, and particularly our institutional on Africa, both in terms of inadequate country CAN GOVERNANCE: SUMMARY partners in Africa: the United Nations Economic civil society, coverage and time series availability and this Commission for Africa and the African remains a core priority for us. We will continue and citizens in Development Bank. to advocate for improvements in this area and a meaningful The process of capacity development, begun intend to bring together key stakeholders to in 2009, has continued in 2010. A technical work towards improving data availability in conversation workshop for representatives of our African Africa. The lack of robust and comprehensive partner organisations was held in March data obstructs our ability to assess key areas of about alongside ongoing discussions and work. Moving governance such as poverty levels and health improving our forward we intend to continue this process until service delivery, including maternal mortality the compilation of the Ibrahim Index takes place rates. In the future, the inclusion of assessment governance to in Africa. of these areas is a key aim for the Foundation. the benefit of We have continued to work towards finding and We are also committed to continually increasing all Africans. commissioning data to augment and strengthen the number of African data sources included in our assessment of governance. This year we the Index, thus entrenching ownership of the have included a number of new indicators Index on the continent while also helping to measuring access to water and sanitation, which ensure that it is genuinely reflective of people’s the UN has recently declared is a fundamental current realities. human right. The Ibrahim Index is ultimately aimed at We have also strengthened our assessment engaging our governments, civil society, and of governments’ commitment to gender citizens in a meaningful conversation about through the addition of two new indicators, improving our governance to the benefit of one assessing women’s political and economic all Africans. rights, and another looking at the existence of specific legislation concerning violence against