NATIONAL REPORT PORTUGAL | August 2016 TECHNICAL TEAM Coordinator Cristina Cavaco Coordination Team DGT António Graça Oliveira, Cristina Gusmão, Margarida Castelo Branco, Margarida Nicolau, Maria da Luz França, Maria do Rosário Gaspar, Marta Afonso, Marta Magalhães, Nuno Esteves, Ricardo Gaspar Network of Focal Points Habitat III Albano Carneiro (AMP), Alexandra Castro (ISS), Alexandra Sena (CCDR-ALG), Alexandre N. Capucha (DGTF), Álvaro Silva (IPMA), Ana C. Fernandes (APA), Ana Galelo (IMT), Ana Santos (AMP), Ana Veneza (CCDR-C), António M. Perdição (DGADR), Avelino Oliveira (AMP), Carla Benera (IHRU), Carla Velado (CCDR-C), Carlos Pina (CCDR-LVT), Conceição Bandarrinha (AML), Cristina Faro (IEFP), Cristina Guimarães (CCDR-N), Cristina Magalhães (ANMP), Demétrio Alves (AML), Dina Costa Santos (ACSS), Dulce Gonçalves Dias (DGAL), Elsa Costa (ANPC), Elsa Soares (INE), Fernanda do Carmo (ICNF), Francisco Chagas Reis (ICNF), Francisco Vala (INE), Gabriel Luís (LNEG), Gonçalo Santos (ACSS), Graça Igreja (IHRU), Guilherme Lewis (DGADR), Hélder Cristóvão (IMT), Hernâni H. Jorge (RAA), Isabel Elias (CCIG), Isabel Rodrigues (IHRU), João José Rodrigues (RAM), João Lobo (REN-SA), João Pedro Gato (DGAL), José Correia (AML), José Freire (CCDR-N), José Macedo (CCDR-A), Linda Pereira (CCDR-LVT), Luís Costa (AML), Margarida Bento (CCDR-C), Maria João Lopes (ANMP), Maria João Pessoa (CCDR-N), Miguel Arriaga (DGS), Mónica Calçada (AdP), Nuno F. Gomes (ISS), Nuno Portal (EDP), Pedro Ribeiro (DGS), Ricardo Fernandes (ANSR), Rita Ribeiro (APA), Rui Gouveia (PSP), Rui Manuel Pereira (GPP), Rui Pereira (RAA), Sandra Nascimento (APSI), Sofia Pimentel (AML), Sofia Rodrigues (APA), Tânia Fernandes (ISS), Teresa Sá Marques (AMP), Tiago Morais (DGAL), Tiago Sales (PSP), Vítor Fernandes (REN-SA) PUBLICATION DATA Title Habitat III – National Report Portugal Translation Cristina Cavaco (Direção-Geral do Território) Editor Direção-Geral do Território Rua da Artilharia Um, n.º 107, 1099-052 Lisboa ∙ Portugal www.dgterritorio.pt | [email protected] Graphic layout and cover Direção-Geral do Território Digital Edition | August 2016 ISBN: 978-989-8785-08-4 2| United Nations - Habitat III National Report - Portugal INDEX INDEX 3 Index of Figures ................................................................................................................................... 4 Index of Tables .................................................................................................................................... 5 PRESENTATION NOTE ................................................................................................................................... 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... 9 PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER I. URBAN DEMOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................. 21 I.1. Managing rapid urbanization .................................................................................................. 21 I.2. Managing rural-urban linkages ............................................................................................... 25 I.3. Addressing urban youth needs ................................................................................................ 26 I.4. Responding to the needs of the aged ...................................................................................... 28 I.5. Integrating gender in urban development .............................................................................. 31 I.6. Challenges experienced and lessons learnt in these areas ...................................................... 33 I.7. Future challenges and issues for the New Urban Agenda ....................................................... 34 CHAPTER II. LAND, SPATIAL AND URBAN PLANNING ................................................................................................ 39 II.8. Ensuring sustainable urban planning and design ............................................................... 39 II.9. Improving urban land management, including addressing urban sprawl .......................... 43 II.10. Enhancing urban and peri-urban food production ............................................................. 46 II.11. Addressing urban mobility challenges ................................................................................ 49 II.12. Improving technical capacity to plan and manage cities ................................................... 50 II.13. Challenges experienced and lessons learnt in the areas ..................................................... 52 II.14. Future challenges and issues for the New Urban Agenda .................................................. 54 CHAPTER III. ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION ................................................................................................... 59 III. 15. Addressing climate change ............................................................................................ 59 III. 16. Disaster risk reduction ................................................................................................... 60 III. 17. Reducing traffic congestion ........................................................................................... 62 III. 18. Air pollution ................................................................................................................... 67 III. 19. Challenges experienced and lessons learnt in the areas ................................................ 68 III. 20. Future challenges and issues for the New Urban Agenda ............................................. 70 CHAPTER IV. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND LEGISLATION ............................................................................................. 75 IV. 21. Improving Urban Legislation .......................................................................................... 75 IV. 22. Decentralization and strengthening of local authorities ............................................... 77 IV. 23. Improving participation and human rights in urban development ................................ 79 IV. 24. Enhancing urban safety and security ............................................................................. 80 IV. 25. Improving social inclusion and equity ............................................................................ 82 IV. 26. Challenges experienced and lessons learnt in the areas ................................................ 84 IV. 27. Future challenges and issues for the New Urban Agenda ............................................. 86 CHAPTER V. URBAN ECONOMY .......................................................................................................................... 91 V. 28. Improving municipal/local finance ..................................................................................... 91 V. 29. Strengthening and improving access to housing finance ................................................... 92 V. 30. Supporting local economic development ............................................................................ 94 V. 31. Creating decent jobs and livelihoods .................................................................................. 96 V. 32. Integration of the urban economy into national development policy ................................ 97 V. 33. Challenges experienced and lessons learnt in the areas ..................................................... 99 V. 34. Future challenges and issues for the New Urban Agenda ................................................ 101 CHAPTER VI. HOUSING AND BASIC SERVICES ...................................................................................................... 107 VI. 35. Slum upgrading and prevention ................................................................................... 107 VI. 36. Improving access to adequate housing ........................................................................ 109 VI. 37. Ensuring sustainable access to safe drinking water ..................................................... 110 VI. 38. Ensuring sustainable access to basic sanitation and drainage .................................... 114 |3 United Nations - Habitat III National Report - Portugal VI. 39. Improving access to clean domestic energy ................................................................. 116 VI. 40. Improving access to sustainable means of transport .................................................. 119 VI. 41. Challenges experienced and lessons learnt in the areas .............................................. 123 VI. 42. Future challenges and issues for the New Urban Agenda ........................................... 125 CHAPTER VII. INDICATORS............................................................................................................................... 131 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................. 153 Books and articles ..........................................................................................................................