MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS, 1998-2001 LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, JR., Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg TRUSTEES, 1997-2000 JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia DALE REESMAN, Boonville TRUSTEES, 1998-2001 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield VIRGINIA LAAS, Joplin CHARLES R. BROWN, St. Louis EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA F. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City DICK FRANKLIN, Independence JAMES R. REINHARD, Hannibal TRUSTEES, 1999-2002 BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia W. GRANT MCMURRAY, Independence CHARLES B. BROWN, Kennett THOMAS L. MILLER, SR., Washington DONNA J. HUSTON, Marshall PHEBE ANN WILLIAMS, Kirkwood JAMES R. MAYO, Bloomfield EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti­ tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla, Chairman JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia DICK FRANKLIN, Independence MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XCIV, NUMBER 3 APRIL 2000 JAMES W. GOODRICH LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor J. SCOTT PARKER SHANNA WALLACE Information Specialist Information Specialist The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Receipt of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is a benefit of membership in the State Historical Society of Missouri. Phone (573) 882-7083; fax (573) 884-4950; e-mail <[email protected]>; web site <www.system.missouri.edu/shs>. Periodicals postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 2000 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: In 1833, Swiss-born artist Karl Bodmer accompanied Prince Maximilian of Wied on a scientific exploration up the Missouri River. During the journey, the young Bodmer sketched and painted portraits of Native Americans and landscapes. The Bodmer engraving repro­ duced on the cover depicts the perils encountered by early steamboats on the river. In preparation for the trip, Bodmer and Maximilian studied drawings and paintings by artists who had accompanied ear­ lier expeditions, including those rendered by Titian Peale and Samuel Seymour during Stephen Long's 1819-1820 expedition. In this issue, beginning on page 241, Jonathan M. Jones examines the military expedition sent up the Missouri in conjunction with Long's scientific mission. "When Expectations Exceed Reality: The Missouri Expedition of 1819" focuses on supply and transporta­ tion problems, particularly the difficulties encountered by the government contractor in charge of subsistence and transportation, James Johnson. [Cover illustration in the State Historical Society of Missouri's art collection] EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con­ sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed., also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on disk, preferably in Microsoft Word. Two hard copies still are required. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for acceptance and publica­ tion. Manuscripts, exclusive of footnotes, should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsi­ bility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Missouri Historical Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The Journal of American History. Manuscript submissions should be addressed to Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN ALAN R. HAVIG University of Missouri-Rolla Stephens College Columbia WILLIAM E. FOLEY VIRGINIA J. LAAS Central Missouri State University Missouri Southern State College Warrensburg Joplin SUSAN M. HARTMANN DAVID D. MARCH Ohio State University Kirksville Columbus ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia CONTENTS WHEN EXPECTATIONS EXCEED REALITY: THE MISSOURI EXPEDITION OF 1819. By Jonathan M. Jones 241 "I AM HOPING FOR A SPEEDY REUNION": THE CIVIL WAR CORRESPONDENCE OF PRIVATE HENRY HOBERG. By Jarod H. Roll 264 "A PAYING PROPOSITION": THE JEROME BRIDGE IN PHELPS COUNTY. By David C. Austin 287 SHOW ME MISSOURI HISTORY: CELEBRATING THE CENTURY, PART 2. By Linda Brown-Kubisch and Christine Montgomery 303 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS News in Brief 329 Local Historical Societies 330 Gifts Relating to Missouri 338 Missouri History in Newspapers 341 Missouri History in Magazines 346 InMemoriam 351 Graduate Theses Relating to Missouri History, 1999 352 BOOK REVIEWS 353 Parrish, William E. Frank Blair: Lincoln's Conservative. Reviewed by Herman Hattaway. Petrone, Gerard S. Judgment at Gallatin: The Trial of Frank James. Reviewed by Thomas W. Carneal. Banasik, Michael E., ed. Missouri Brothers in Gray: The Reminiscences and Letters of William J. Bull and John P. Bull; Porter, Charles W., and ed. by Patrick Brophy. In the DeviVs Dominions: A Union Soldier's Adventures in "Bushwhacker Country." Reviewed by John F. Bradbury, Jr. Miller, John E. Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman behind the Legend. Reviewed by Shelly Croteau. Clayton, Bruce. Praying for Base Hits: An American Boyhood. Reviewed by Robert W. Richmond. BOOK NOTES 361 Hubbell, Victoria. A Town on Two Rivers. Mallinckrodt, Anita M. To Fence, Or Not To Fence: St. Charles County's Long Road to Laws Putting Farm Animals Behind Fences and Off City Streets; Mallinckrodt, Anita M. Freed Slaves: Ex-Slaves and Augusta, Missouri's Germans During and After the Civil War. Rothwell, Dan A. Along The Boone's Lick Road: Missouri's Contribution To Our First Transcontinental Route - U.S. Highway 40. Sanchez, Jose. Sanctuary In Soulard: The First 150 Years of Saints Peter and Paul Parish. Simpson, Leslie. From Lincoln Logs to Lego Blocks: How Joplin Was Built. Davis, Robyn L., and J. Marshall White. St. Joseph, Missouri: A Postcard History. Juern, Joan M. More Than the Sum of His Parts: Arnold Krekel; Juern, Joan M. Call to the Frontier: Gottfried Duden's 1800's Book Stimulated Immigration to Missouri. CONTRIBUTORS TO MISSOURI CULTURE: CLARA CLEGHORN HOFFMAN Inside back cover ^^^^^fa^^^pyiiii^ -. ^ BifiiBiKiii ^lli^Bp ^^wi:;:|^; F^^pu>jB| State Historical Society of Missouri Military authorities were relatively unfamiliar with much of the Missouri River when Secretary of War John C. Calhoun proposed an expedition to the Mandan Villages in 1818. When Expectations Exceed Reality: The Missouri Expedition of 1819 BY JONATHAN M. JONES* Beginning in the winter of 1818 and continuing through the summer of 1819, the U.S. War Department sponsored a major operation on the western frontier that the newspapers labeled the "Missouri Expedition."1 The public in general, and the people of the West in particular, closely followed the expedition's progress through the press. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, as well as President James Monroe, supported the movement of two infantry regiments to the Mandan Village in present-day North Dakota.2 The new post would lay over fifteen hundred miles west of the Mississippi River, hundreds of miles beyond the closest American settlements. The goal of the operation * Jonathan M. Jones is an adjunct professor of history at the State Technical Institute of Memphis and the University of Memphis, Tennessee. He holds M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Memphis. 1 Only a few secondary