Evaluation of wild tomato accessions (Solanum spp.) for resistance to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) based on trichome type and acylsugar content Mohamed Rakha, Ndeye Bouba, Srinivasan Ramasamy, Jean-Luc Regnard, Peter Hanson To cite this version: Mohamed Rakha, Ndeye Bouba, Srinivasan Ramasamy, Jean-Luc Regnard, Peter Hanson. Evaluation of wild tomato accessions (Solanum spp.) for resistance to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) based on trichome type and acylsugar content. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Springer Verlag, 2017, 64 (5), pp.1011-1022. 10.1007/s10722-016-0421-0. hal-01607841 HAL Id: hal-01607841 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607841 Submitted on 26 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Genet Resour Crop Evol (2017) 64:1011–1022 DOI 10.1007/s10722-016-0421-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Evaluation of wild tomato accessions (Solanum spp.) for resistance to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) based on trichome type and acylsugar content Mohamed Rakha . Ndeye Bouba . Srinivasan Ramasamy . Jean-Luc Regnard . Peter Hanson Received: 17 February 2016 / Accepted: 13 June 2016 / Published online: 29 June 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Tomato wild relatives are important numbers. Resistance to T. urticae based on the number sources of resistance to many pests of cultivated of eggs from the no-choice bioassays was positively tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. (syn. Lycopersicon correlated with density of type IV glandular trichomes esculentum Mill.)]. Eleven wild tomato accessions and negatively correlated with densities of type V previously identified at AVRDC—The World trichomes. All resistant accessions accumulated high Vegetable Center as resistant to Bemisia tabaci were levels of total acylsugars, which were positively evaluated for resistance to the two-spotted spider mite associated with type IV trichomes. There was a [Tetranychus urticae (Koch.)] based on egg numbers significant negative relationship between acylsugar using the leaf disc and Tanglefoot no-choice bioas- content and T. urticae egg numbers from the no-choice says, and damage scores in choice bioassays. Highest bioassays. There was high correlation between the resistance based on choice and no-choice bioassays results from the leaf disc test and the Tanglefoot no- was identified in AVRDC S. galapagense accessions choice bioassay. These findings support the possible VI057400, VI045262, VI037869 and VI037239, and presence of broad-based insect and mite resistance in S. cheesmaniae accession VI037240, all of which are accessions closely related to cultivated tomato. new sources of T. urticae resistance. In addition, S. pimpinellifolium accession VI030462 exhibited resis- Keywords Insect resistance Á Solanum tance only in the no-choice bioassay based on egg cheesmaniae Á S. galapagense Á S. pimpinellifolium Á Trichomes Mohamed Rakha and Ndeye Bouba have contributed equally to this work. M. Rakha (&) Á S. Ramasamy Á P. Hanson Introduction World Vegetable Center, PO Box 42, Shanhua, Tainan 74199, Taiwan Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is widely grown e-mail: [email protected] and one of the most economically important veg- M. Rakha etable crops worldwide (FAO 2015). The cultivated Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, tomato is a host for many pathogens and pests. The Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a cosmopolitan agricultural N. Bouba Á J.-L. Regnard Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP 1334, TA-A-108/03, pest, feeding on more than 140 different plant families Av. Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France and 1100 plant species including tomato (Dermauw 123 1012 Genet Resour Crop Evol (2017) 64:1011–1022 et al. 2012). Warm, dry conditions favor rapid spider barrier, and interfere with insect feeding and ovipo- mite population build-up and increased feeding which, sition (Dimock and Kennedy 1983; Snyder and Carter if uncontrolled, causes severe yield losses up to 90 % 1984; Channaryappa et al. 1992; Sharma et al. 2009). in greenhouse and open field tomato crops in South- Recent studies of wild relatives closely related to east and West Africa (Sibanda et al. 2000). Spider tomato found Bemisia tabaci resistance in some mites feed by inserting their stylets into the leaf tissue accessions of S. cheesmaniae (L. Riley) Fosberg and removing cell contents; the loss of leaf chlorophyll (formerly L. cheesmaniae L. Riley), S. galapagense S. and the subsequent reduction in net photosynthetic C. Darwin et Peralta (formerly L. cheesmaniae f. rate causes leaf discoloration often called bronzing, a minor (Hook. f.) C. H. Mu¨ll.) and S. pimpinellifolium decline in overall plant health, or even death (Sances L. (formerly L. pimpinellifolium (L.) Mill.) (Firdaus et al. 1981; Tomczyk and Kropczynska 1985; Park and et al. 2012, Lucatti et al. 2013, Rakha et al. 2015), all Lee 2002). Spider mites can feed directly on fruit at of which can be easily crossed with S. lycopersicum mature green and breaker stages, and this damage can (Rick 1971; Peralta et al. 2008). Furthermore, S. increase unmarketable fruit and economic losses pimpinellifolium accession TO-937 provided accept- (Ghidiu et al. 2006). Biological control of spider able resistance to T. urticae (Ferna´ndez-Mun˜oz et al. mites through natural enemies has only been widely 2000). Eleven wild tomato accessions including S. practiced in closed greenhouses (Perdikis et al. 2008). cheesmaniae, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium Current spider mite control relies mainly on frequent were previously identified at AVRDC—The World applications of synthetic acaricides. However, spider Vegetable Center as resistant to B. tabaci (Rakha et al. mites have the capacity to quickly develop acaricide 2015). Identification of additional insect resistance in resistance (Van Leeuwen et al. 2004; Dermauw et al. some or all these accessions would help to prioritize 2012). Many aspects of spider mite biology, including accessions for breeding cultivars with broad pest rapid development, high reproductive ability of up to resistance. The objectives of this study were to 25 generations per year, and haplo-diploid sex deter- evaluate selected whitefly-resistant accessions identi- mination facilitate rapid evolution of pesticide resis- fied at AVRDC for spider mite resistance, assess tance (Khajehali et al. 2011). Unfortunately, there are whether trichomes and total acylsugars were related to no tomato cultivars with resistance to spider mite. mite resistance, and evaluate different spider mite Identification of resistance sources and development screening methods for efficiency and accuracy. of rapid screening methods are the first steps toward the development of spider mite resistant cultivars. Resistance to spider mite and other insects has been Materials and methods found in some accessions of wild tomato species particularly S. habrochaites Knapp et Spooner (syn. Plant materials Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal), and S. pennellii Cor- rell (syn. L. pennellii (Correll) d’ Arcy) (de Azevedo Eleven accessions including S. galapagense, S. chees- et al. 2003; Resende et al. 2006). The resistance in maniae, and S. pimpinellifolium and a susceptible these species was related to the presence of glandular tomato check (S. lycopersicum) were evaluated in trichomes (Frelichowski and Juvik 2001; Muigai et al. greenhouse assays (Table 1). In a previous work 2002; Oriani et al. 2011; Bleeker et al. 2012), which (Rakha et al. 2015), these accessions were classified as are reported to be absent in cultivated tomato (Luck- abundant or sparse for type IV trichomes and evalu- will 1943; Antonious 2001). Trichomes are considered ated for whitefly resistance based on number of adults, the most important factor conferring pest resistance. eggs, nymphs, and pupa from choice bioassays, and The genus Solanum possesses seven types of tri- for adult mortality and egg number in no-choice chomes of which types II, III and V are non-glandular, bioassays (Rakha et al. 2015). Ten of these accessions and types I, IV, VI and VII are glandular (Gurr and exhibited high whitefly resistance, except S. chees- McGrath 2001; Simmons and Gurr 2005). Glandular maniae VI037238. AVRDC tomato line CL5915- trichomes secrete secondary metabolites including 93D4-1-0-3 (CL5915) was included as a spider mite acylsugars, methylketones and sesquiterpenes that can susceptible check. Seeds of accessions were obtained be toxic, repellent, trap insects or act as a physical from the AVRDC Genetic Resources and Seed Unit 123 Genet Resour Crop Evol (2017) 64:1011–1022 1013 Table 1 Mean numbers of Taxa and AVRDC accessions code Other codes Tanglefoot test Leaf disc test T. urticae eggs on wild tomato accessions Eggs (no.)/10 females Eggs (no.)/female compared to the tomato check CL5915 evaluated in Abaxial Adaxial Abaxial Tanglefoot and leaf disc no- Solanum galapagense choice bioassays VI057400 LA 483 0.0 b 1.7 cd 0.1 c VI045262 LA 1141 0.0 b 4.0 bcd 0.2 c VI037869 LA 1408 0.0 b 5.3 bcd 0.3 c VI037239 LA 436 0.0 b 7.0 bc 0.3 c VI063177 LA 0530 1.0 b 6.3 bcd 0.3 c VI037241 LA 526 0.2 b 7.0 bc 0.5 c VI063174 LA 0438 0.2 b 10.2 b 0.9 c VI037340 LA 1408 0.8 b 9.8 b 0.7 c Solanum cheesmaniae VI037240 LA 483 0.0 b 0.0 d 0.2 c VI037238 LA 429 20.0 a 17.5 a 8.2 a Means followed by Solanum pimpinellifolium different letters within columns are different VI030462 PI 390519 0.0 b 6.6 bc 0.3 c according to least Solanum lycopersicum significant difference (LSD) CL5915 20.0 a 21.6 a 5.1 b test at p = 0.05 (GRSU).