BUDDHISM REACH OUT YEAR 5 name: class: Knowledge Organiser • Buddhism • Year 5 Vocabulary The Three Jewels Nirvana The final ‘goal’ of Buddhism. The end of 1. Buddha The first person to reach enlightenment desire and suffering, as the state of self 2. Dharma The Teachings of the Buddha is released from the cycle of death and 3. Sangha The community of practising Buddhists. rebirth. Literally ‘blowing out’. Tipitaka The sacred text of Buddhism. Dharma The teachings of Buddhism, about the Noble Eightfold Path true nature of reality. Vipassanna A type of meditation within Theravada 1. Right view 5. Right livelihood Buddhism which involves focussing on 2. Right intention 6. Right effort the body and its sensations. 3. Right speech 7. Right concentration Karma The total actions of a person, good and bad, which are said to decide a 4. Right action 8. Right mindfulness person’s state in future lives. Wesak Also known as ‘Buddha Day”, this is a day of festival during which the Three The Four Noble Truths Jewels of Buddhism are celebrated. 1. The truth of suffering Dukkha Sangha The community of Buddhism, including 2. The truth of the origin of suffering Samudãya monks, nuns and ‘laypeople’. Saṃsãra An endless cycle of rebirths 3. The truth of the cessation of suffering) Nirodha Duḥkha Pain or suffering, inevitable within all life. 4. The truth of the path to the cessation Magga Reincarnation The belief that people are born again of suffering into a new being after death. Ascetism Extreme self-discipline, in which all Threefold Path to Enlightenment luxuries and sources of physical pleasure are denied. 1. Shila Ethics 2. Samadhi Meditation Important People 3. Prajna Wisdom Siddhartha Also known as the Buddha. First person Gautama to reach enlightenment. Major Branches of Buddhism Dalai Lama The leader of the Geluk tradition, his followers believe that whenever the Chinese Buddhism Mahayana Dalai Lama dies, his soul is reincarnated Tibetan Buddhism Vajrayana into a new body Southern Buddhism Theravada Matthieu A Tibetan Monk who is regarded by Ricard some as ‘the world’s happiest man’. Neo (new) Buddhism Navayãna BR Ambedkar The founder of Navayãna Buddhism. 2 Lesson Question You will learn Learning Review Who was Siddhattha • The story of his life Gotoma? • When he lived • How he became the Buddha What is the sacred • What Dharma is text of Buddhism? • The different sections of the Tipitaka • How Buddhists understand Nirvana Why do Buddhists • What meditation is meditate? • Why meditation is important to Buddhists Which festivals • The Festival of Wesak do Buddhists • How Buddhist Festivals differ from those of celebrate? other religions What is life like • The different branches of Buddhism in a Buddhist • The experience being a novice in a monastery? monastery Who is the Dalai • What reincarnation is Lama? • What the Dalai Lama’s teachings say 3 Lesson 01 Who was Siddhattha Gotama? Buddhism is over 2,500 years old, and began The Story of the Buddha in India. Unlike many other religions, Buddhism We aren’t sure exactly when Siddhattha does not worship a God; instead Buddhists Gotoma was born or died, because we attempt to achieve a special state known as haven’t found any written records about him ‘enlightenment’. The first person to become until a few hundred years after his death. In ‘enlightened’, according to Buddhists, was an 500 BCE, India was made up of many great Indian prince called Siddhattha Gotama. He kingdoms and cities. In one of these kingdoms, later became known as simply the Buddha, on the border of Nepal, there was a prince which means ‘the enlightened one’. called Siddhattha Gotoma. Life would have been very easy for Gotoma, who would have had everything that he needed. One day, 1. Copy the name Siddhattha when he was 29, Gotoma left his palace went Gotama for a walk around. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 4. When did Siddhattha Gotoma live? a. About 5000 BCE 2. What does Buddha mean? b. About 500 BCE c. About 50 CE __________________________________________ d. About 500 CE __________________________________________ 3. Look carefully at this statue of 5. Was The Buddha alive before or the Buddha, which is in the after Jesus? Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat is a Buddhist temple in Thailand. What do you notice about it? For the first time, Gotoma saw real suffering. First, he encountered a man in the village who was desperately sick. Nothing could be done to heal him. Later, he saw a man who was disabled. Finally, he saw a person who had just died. Gotoma realised that suffering was an inevitable part of life – it couldn’t be stopped. He realised that the mind was the important place to focus. 6. Siddhattha Gotoma thought that suffering was inevitable – there is no way to prevent it. Do you agree? 4 • Lesson 1 Later that night, Gotoma snuck out of the palace and left his life of princely luxury. He 7. How long did the Gotoma encountered many spiritual leaders who taught meditate for before he became him all about meditation. Gotoma spent six enlightened? years learning from these spiritual leaders, but __________________________________________ found that none of them could help him really understand the true nature ofhis own mind. __________________________________________ Just before his 35th birthday, Gotoma sat under a Bodhi tree and began his own meditation. After he had achieved enlightenment, The He meditated for six days and six nights, and at Buddha stayed to teach others about what the end of it achieved enlightenment. He had he had learnt so that they could try and reach become Buddha, or the Awakened one. enlightenment too. 8. Complete these sentences. Siddhattha Gotoma was a prince in India/Nepal, so _____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Siddhattha Gotoma was a prince in India/Nepal, but ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Watch the video about the Buddha’s life, and draw pictures to tell the story of the life of Siddhattha Gotoma: Now use your story map to retell the story to your partner. Challenge: Can you retell the story of the Buddha from memory? Lesson 1 • 5 Lesson 02 What is the sacred text of Buddhism? Retrieval Practice 1. What is the name of the person who became the Buddha? 2. Buddhists attempt to reach a state of _______________________________ 3. When did the Buddha live? a. Around 5000BCE b. Around 50 BCE c. Around 500 BCE d. Around 500 CE 4. Where did Buddhism first originate? a. India/Nepal b. Nepal/China c. China/Tibet d. India/Russia 5. How long did the Buddha meditate for before he became enlightened? a. 6 weeks b. 6 years c. 6 hours d. 6 days 6 • Lesson 2 The Buddha was the first person to become enlightened. This means that he reached 1. Draw the Dharma wheel here: the highest spiritual achievement, free from suffering. The Buddha chose to stay and teach others how to reach this state. He didn’t write anything down (or if he did, the writings have been lost) but other people passed through word of mouth what the Buddha taught. These teachings, for Buddhists, reveal the true laws and order of the universe, and the duties that people have. This is known as Dharma. After the Buddha died, his Dharma were written down in a book that became known as the Tipitaka. The Tipitaka is the sacred text of Buddhism. It is written in Pali, which is an ancient Indian language similar to what the Buddha would have spoken. The Tipitaka is a huge book. If you want to read it in English, it is split into 40 volumes or (books). In the original Pali, the Tipitaka is split into three sections, which are sometimes called three baskets of wisdom. The first section is the discipline basket, which sets out the rules of Buddhism. The second basket is called the Teaching Basket, which tells of the life and experiences of Buddha. The Higher Doctrine Basket: which explains the teaching of the Buddha. 2. What are the three sections of the Tipitaka? 1. The __________________ Basket 2. The __________________ Basket 3. The __________________ Basket The Dharma Wheel is sometimes used as The first section of the Tipitaka is sometimes the symbol of Buddhism. It has eight spokes, known as Vinaya Pitaka, and it is the rulebook which represent the Noble Eightfold path of for Buddhist monks and nuns. There are 227 Buddhism. We will learn more about these in rules for Buddhists setting out how they should the next lesson. live. There are five main rules which are followed by all Buddhists. These include not harming any living thing, not stealing, and not lying or saying nasty things. Lesson 2 • 7 The second part of the Tipitaka is known as the Sutta Pitaka and contains the teachings of a. If he is to realize Nirvana, he must pass beyond Buddha. Often, the Buddha would teach using consciousness. In highest Samadhi having stories or parables. Many of these parables transcended consciousness, he has passed are similar to the stories that Jesus would tell beyond discrimination and knowledge, beyond 400 years later. The final section of the Tipitaka the reach of change or fear; he is already is known as the Sutras, which explain the enjoying Nirvana. teaching. b. When the mind becomes tranquilized and One of the major ideas in Buddhism is a concentrated into perfect unity, then all state called Nirvana. Achieving Nirvana is things will be seen, not in their separateness, the ultimate goal of all Buddhists. It roughly but in their unity wherein there is no place means nothingness, or being extinguished. For for evil passions to enter, and which is in Buddhists, Nirvana is the end to suffering, and full conformity with the mysterious and the end of endless rebirths.