Assa Handbook-1960

T H E A S T R O N O M I C A L S O C I E T Y O F S OUT H E RN A F R I C A H A N D B O O K FOR I 9 6 0 THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 1 9 5 9 — 1 9 6 0 President: Mr. P. Smits. Vice-Presidents: Professor H. Haffner. Hon. Secretary: Mr. A. Menzies. <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Mr. G. B. Anderson. </li><li style="flex:1">Mr. M. D. Overbeek. </li></ul>Hon. Treasurer: Mr. G. Orpen. Members of Council: Mr. M. J. Bester, Dr. David S. Evans, Dr. W. S. Finsen, Mr. R. J. Johnston, Mr. G. F. G. Knipe, Professor R. H. Stoy, Dr. A. D. Thackeray. The Astronomical Society of South Africa was formed in July 1922, by the amalgamation of the Cape and Johannesburg Astronomical Associations which had been in active existence for several years. Its name was changed to the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa in 1956. The declared objects of the Society are:— (1) The encouragement and stimulation of the study of Astronomy in Southern Africa; (2) The association of observers and their organisation in the work of astronomical observation and research; (3) The dissemination throughout Southern Africa of such current astronomical information as may be helpful to observers; (4) The publication from time to time of the results of the work accomplished by the Society. Membership is open to all who are interested in Astronomy. The Society issues, usually, eleven numbers of “The Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa” (M.N.A.S.S.A.) each year, and distributes to each member copies of “Sky and Telescope”, an illustrated monthly astronomical magazine published in the United States. Candidates for election as members of the Society must be proposed and seconded by two members (not associate or student members). The annual subscription is £2 2s., with an entrance fee of £1 Is. The annual subscription to M.N.A.S.S.A. for non-members is £1 Is. Subscriptions and enquiries concerning M.N.A.S.S.A. only should be addressed to the Circulation Manager, Mr. H. E. Krumm, 3, Leeuwendal Crescent, Cape Town. All other communications for the Society should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, c/o The Royal Observatory, Observatory, Cape Province. SOCIETY’S CALENDAR FOR 1960 Material and Notes for M.N.A.S.S.A. by 20th of the month. April 8. Nominations for Gill Medal by <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Essay Competition closes </li><li style="flex:1">May 31. </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">June 15. </li><li style="flex:1">Nominations for Officers and Council by </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Subscriptions due </li><li style="flex:1">July 1. </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">4th Wednesday in July. </li><li style="flex:1">Annual General Meeting at all Centres </li></ul>r v j r o i v ) N J N > - f ^ c o r o — <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">—</li><li style="flex:1">—</li><li style="flex:1">—</li><li style="flex:1">£</li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">■nJ o s L n ^ o j r o </li><li style="flex:1">—</li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">O</li><li style="flex:1">^</li></ul>c o >HCOmco O 0cn Oc-4 Xr~ OzoHComOJ <3 m>in HTHE H A N D B O O K OF THE <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">ASTRONOMICAL </li><li style="flex:1">SOCIETY </li><li style="flex:1">OF SOUTHERN </li><li style="flex:1">AFRICA </li></ul>I 960 Computed and Prepared by The Computing S e c ti o n of the Trans vaal Centre and the E d i t o r i a l Board of MNAS3A Cape Town I9 6 0 Pr i ce to Non-Members: Two s h i l l i n g s CONTENTS Page P la n e ta ry D iagram In tro d u c tio n ............................................................ F ro n tis p ie c e ........................................................................... 356J u lia n Date, S un’s T r a n s it and S id e re a l Time The Moon: P e rig e e , Apogee, Maximum L ib ra tio n ............................. ......................... T ab les o f M oonrise and D oonset ............ . . ........................................... O c c u lta tio n s o f B rig h t S ta rs ........................................................ E c lip s e s ................................................................................................................. T r a n s it o f M ercury ........................................................................................ The P la n e ts .......................................................................................................... Ephem eris f o r U ranus and N eptune ........................................................ M eteor C alen d ar ............................................................................................... A stro n o m ica l D iary B rig h t V a ria b le S ta rs 7 19 23 23 24 25 26 28 .......................................................................................... .................................................................................. 32 33 34 S ou th A fric a n O b s e rv a to rie s .............................................. ................... . P a s t P r e s id e n ts , H onorary Members an d H onorary S e c r e ta r ie s G ra te fu l acknow ledgem ent i s made to H Ji. N a u tic a l Almanac O ffic e f o r th e d a ta in c lu d e d in th e ta b le o f O c c u lta tio n s o f B rig h t S t a r s . INTRODUCTION A ll th e tim es g iv en in t h i s b o o k le t a re South id’r ic a n S ta n d a rd Tim e, t h a t i s , mean s o la r tim e f o r a m e rid ia n 3 0 °, o r two h o u rs, e a s t o f G reen- <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">w ich . </li><li style="flex:1">T h is i s a ls o th e S ta n d ard Time in use in th e C e n tra l A fric a n </li></ul>F e d e ra tio n , th e P r o te c to r a te s , Mozambique and th e e a s te r n p a r t o f th e B e lg ia n Congo. To o b ta in th e lo c a l mean tim e a t o th e r p la c e s th e lo n g itu d e d if f e r e n c e s shewn in T able I m ust be a p p lie d to th e o rd in a ry S .A .S .T . <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">TABLE </li><li style="flex:1">I</li></ul>CORRECTION FOR LONGITUDE B lo em fo n tein Cape Town Durban E a s t London S a lis b u ry - 1 5m -L6 +0L -08 +0A Grahamstown -1 4 -0 8 -18 -07 -06 Jo h an n esb u rg P o rt E liz a b e th P r e to r ia Bulawayo C o n v e rsely , to o b ta in th e S .A .S .T . from th e lo c a l mean tim e th e se lo n g itu d e c o rr e c tio n s m ust be a p p lie d w ith th e s ig n r e v e r s e d . S .A .S .T . o f lo c a l mean noon ( i . e . 12h 00m l o c a l mean tim e) a t P o rt E liz a b e th i s 12h 18m. Thus th e Owing to th e f a c t t h a t th e E a rth does n et go round th e Sun w ith u n iform c i r c u l a r m otion in th e p la n e o f th e E a r th ’s e q u a to r, th e lo c a la p p a re n t s o la r tim e ( i . e . th e tim e shown b y a s u n d ia l) d i f f e r s from th e lo c a l mean s o la r tim e by a q u a n tity w hich i s u s u a lly r e f e r r e d to a s th e "E q u atio n o f T im e". tim e to g iv e th e a p p a re n t s o la r tim e . The E q u atio n o f Time m ust be ad d ed to th e mean s o la r I t s e f f e c t i s shown in th e t h ir d column o f T able I I w hich g iv e s th e S .A .S .T . o f a p p a re n t noon, t h a t i s , o f th e S u n 's t r a n s i t o v e r th e m e rid ia n . F o r exam ple, th e S .A .S .T . of a p p a re n t noon a t P o rt E liz a b e th on 19&0 November 12 i s 12.02 S .A .S .T ., found by a p p ly in g th e lo n g itu d e c o r r e c tio n o f +I8m to th e ta b u la te d v a lu e f o r 30° E, 30° S. F o r many p u rp o se s s id e r e a l tim e , t h a t i s , lo c a l tim e a s m easured by <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">th e s t a r s , i s e x tre m e ly u s e f u l. </li><li style="flex:1">The s id e r e a l tim e can be fo u n d by a p p ly - </li></ul>in g th e S .A .S .T . (on a 2 J+ h o u r b a s is ) to th e c o rre sp o n d in g " S id e re a l Time a t 0 h o u rs S .A .S .T ." w hich i s g iv en in th e f o u r th colum n o f T able I I and <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">c o r r e c tin g f o r lo n g itu d e by means o f T able I . </li><li style="flex:1">A f u r t h e r sm a ll c o r r e c tio n </li></ul>i s n eed ed to a llo w f o r th e fo u r-m in u te d iff e re n c e in le n g th betw een th e s o la r and s id e r e a l d a y s. The c o r r e c tio n i s +1m f o r tim es betw een 0 3 »00 and 0 9 .0 0 S .A .S .T ., +2m betw een 0 9 .0 0 and 15*00, +3m betw een 15.00 and 21 .00 and +4m betw een 21 .00 and 23. 59. <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Example: </li><li style="flex:1">F in d th e s id e r e a l tim e a t 8 .1 5 p.m . on O cto b er 13 a t P o rt </li></ul>E liz a b e th . <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">m, </li><li style="flex:1">h . </li></ul>26 01 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">S id . Time a t 00 .00 S .A .S .T . </li><li style="flex:1">on O cto b er 13 </li></ul>20 21 S .a .S .T . e la p s e d 15 41 -1 8 + 3 C o rre c tio n f o r lo n g itu d e I n te r v a l c o r r e c tio n 26 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">R eq u ired S id e re a l Tim e. </li><li style="flex:1">21 </li></ul>F o r re c o rd in g th e tim e o f v a r ia b le s t a r o b s e rv a tio n s , th e J u lia n Day- C a le n d ar i s u s u a lly u se d . T h is num bers th e days c o n s e c u tiv e ly from th e b e g in n in g o f th e J u lia n E ra in 4713 B .C . The J u lia n la y b e g in s a t G reenw ich mean noon, t h a t i s , a t 1 4 .0 0 (2 p .m .) S .A .S .T . The p o s itio n o f a s t a r in th e sky i s f ix e d b y i t s r ig h t a s c e n s io n and d e c lin a tio n , much a s th e p o s itio n o f a p o in t on th e e a r th i s f ix e d by i t s lo n g itu d e and l a t i t u d e . any s t a r a re th e lo n g itu d e and l a t i t u d e o f th e p o in t on th e e a r th d i r e c tl y b e n e a th i t a t z e ro h o u rs s id e r e a l tim e a t G reenw ich. L a titu d e and In f a c t th e r ig h t a s c e n s io n and d e c lin a tio n o f d e c lin a tio n a re alw ays m easured in d e g re e s n o r th o r so u th o f th e e q u a to r. L o n g itu d e and r ig h t a sc e n sio n a r e m easured e i t h e r in d eg rees o r i n tim e , 3é0° b e in g e q u a l to 24 h o u rs (1° e q u a ls 4 m in u tes; 15 * e q u a ls 1 m in u te ). R ig h t a s c e n s io n i s alw ays m easured e a stw a rd s from th e zero c e l e s t i a l m e rid ia n , and th u s i s th e e q u iv a le n t o f th e lo n g itu d e m easured e a stw a rd s from th e G reenw ich ife rid ia n . F o r c o n s id e rin g th e m o tio n s o f th e Sun, Moon and P la n e ts , th e system o f c o -o rd in a te s known a s c e l e s t i a l l a t i t u d e an d lo n g itu d e i s v e ry con- <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">v e n ie n t. </li><li style="flex:1">These c o -o rd in a te s d e fin e th e p o s itio n o f a c e l e s t i a l body w ith </li></ul>r e fe re n c e to th e e c l i p t i c in e x a c tly th e same way a s r ig h t a s c e n s io n and d e c lin a tio n d e fin e i t s p o s itio n w ith re fe re n c e to th e c e l e s t i a l e q u a to r. The ( c e l e s t i a l ) l a t i t u d e i s th e a n g u la r d is ta n c e o f th e body n o r th o r so u th o f th e e c l i p t i c , w h ile th e lo n g itu d e i s th e d is ta n c e from th e V ern al <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">E quinox as m easured e a stw a rd s a lo n g th e E c l i p t i c . </li><li style="flex:1">C e l e s t ia l l a t i t u d e and </li></ul>lo n g itu d e a re u s u a lly m easured in d e g re e s . F o r exam ple, th e c o -o r d in a te s o f th e r a d ia n ts in th e M eteor C a le n d a r a re e x p re s s e d in t h i s way. The b c l i p t i c i s d e fin e d by th e a p p a re n t p a th o f th e Sun ab o u t th e <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">E a r th . </li><li style="flex:1">The l a t i t u d e o f th e Sun i s th e r e fo r e alw ays (a p p ro x im a te ly ) z e ro , </li></ul>w h ils t i t s lo n g itu d e in c re a se s, by a p p ro x im a te ly 1° p e r day. TABLE I I 1I S id e r e a l Time f o r L o n g itu d e 30° S. A, S. T. o f S u n 's t r a n s i t L ongitude 30 °E Date 1960 J u lia n D ate a t 14- h o u rs 3 S .A .S .T . C h o u rs iÍ S .A .S .T . 18 h o u rs ;<ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">m. </li><li style="flex:1">h . </li><li style="flex:1">s . </li><li style="flex:1">h . in. </li><li style="flex:1">h . n , </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">J a n u a ry </li><li style="flex:1">1 2 </li></ul>12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 46 2,4-36,941 .0 95 1.0 02 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">7</li><li style="flex:1">7</li></ul>17 27 6 16 26 7 17 27 05 09 12 05 41- 24. 03 42 22 01 41 20 1tt 43 34 05 15 14 14 34 35 78 41 21 1tt 961.0 2334- 55 F e b ru ary 9 7 1 .0 981.0 2, 436, 991.0 2 ,4 3 7 ,0 0 1 .0 0 1 1 .0 OC <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">14 </li><li style="flex:1">9</li></ul>yIt a14 13 11 08 05 39 19 53 38 17 If 10 M arch 10 tl A A tl <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">0 2 1 .0 </li><li style="flex:1">12 </li></ul>6 16 26 6 16 26 5 A p ril M 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">02 </li><li style="flex:1">00 </li></ul>39 2 ,4 3 7 ,0 3 1 .0 041.0 051.0 36 55 52 37 17 53 18 15 24 12 13 57 36 16 77889 59 57 56 56 56 58 00 02 tt 10 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1</li><li style="flex:1">Of </li></ul>m y 061.0 14 55 15 35 16 16 17 18 58 38 Tt 071.0 ft <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1</li><li style="flex:1">7</li></ul>0 8 1 .0 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">10 </li><li style="flex:1">'1 4 </li></ul>53 33 12 Ju n e 1! 091.0 10 56 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">101 .0 </li><li style="flex:1">•11 36 </li></ul>15 25 ft - *C 1 1 1 .0 112 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">J u ly </li><li style="flex:1">2,437,121 .0 </li><li style="flex:1">12 </li></ul>12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 18 19 20 10 20 50 21 22 22 23 0 12 13 34 14 14 53 15 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">12 </li><li style="flex:1">15 </li></ul>16 51 17 18 18 19 29 20 o s 20 21 22 22 23 24 52 31 5 15 25 4 14- 24- 3 04 05 06 06 04 02 59 56 52 23 48 55 tt 131.0 141.0 151.0 16 1.0 171.0 1 8 1 .0 If 24 03 40 26 58 13 A ugust If <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">32 </li><li style="flex:1">29 </li></ul>09 4-8 28 ft •Septem ber ift 191.0 13 23 03 31 31 9t <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">201 .0. </li><li style="flex:1">10 </li></ul>49 07 -2,437,211 .0 221 .0 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">O cto b er </li><li style="flex:1">0</li></ul>U22 46 3 13 23 2 12 22 2 49 46 44 43 44 46 49 53 58 i;It 26 1223It 231.0 25 37 07 03 17 33 25 05 h 5 24. <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">November </li><li style="flex:1">48 </li></ul>241.0 tt 251.0 27 c? 46 25 05 ft 261 .0 04 ■43 22 44December 271.0 281.0 291.0 ft 1 2 . 5sft 22 O02 ._____ - 5 - <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">THE </li><li style="flex:1">MOON </li><li style="flex:1">1960 </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">iPOGEE </li><li style="flex:1">PERIGEE </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">S. D. </li><li style="flex:1">H. </li><li style="flex:1">Date </li><li style="flex:1">D. </li><li style="flex:1">S. </li><li style="flex:1">H.j </li><li style="flex:1">P. </li></ul>01 " 08 13 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">l a t e </li><li style="flex:1">P. </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Jan 10d </li><li style="flex:1">6 0 ' 36" </li></ul>41 59 12h 16* 30" 54* 54 54 54 13 54 53 53 53 54 05 54 Jan 26a 23 Mar 19 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">1 4 ' 43" </li><li style="flex:1">15h </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">08 </li><li style="flex:1">Peb </li></ul>16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Peb </li><li style="flex:1">14 </li></ul>14 14 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">7</li><li style="flex:1">45 </li></ul>46 46 15 09 21 05 09 21 20 04 13 22 23 00 22 06 13 6 Mar «.pr Apr Hay Jun J u l Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 04 00 18 06 12 16 03 20 15 11 17 01 50 59 60 60 3 30 28 24 21 18 14 12 97 Apr May Jun J u l A U g Sep 14 12 10 85206 59 56 58 14 45 35 43 44 37 24 11 13 27 40 61 21 14 43 42 14 61 60 60 23 58 12 42 14 44 46 47 46 14 14 14 14 12 14 10 Sep 30 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Oct </li><li style="flex:1">24 </li></ul>Nov 21 Dec 19 59 24 30 54 54 54 59 60 23 <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">61 </li><li style="flex:1">10 </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">03 </li><li style="flex:1">14 44 </li><li style="flex:1">05 </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">S.D . = S em i-d ia m ete r </li><li style="flex:1">H .P, = H o riz o n ta l P a r a lla x </li></ul>The d is ta n c e o f th e moon from th e e a r th in m ile s may he fo u n d by d iv id in g 8 1 7 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 by th e H .P . in seconds o f a r c .

Assa Handbook-1960

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