Bunkering of Liquefied Natural Gas-fueled Marine Vessels in North America 2 ND EDITION © TOTE Our Mission The mission of ABS is to serve the public interest as well as the needs of our members and clients by promoting the security of life and property and preserving the natural environment. Health, Safety, Quality & Environmental Policy We will respond to the needs of our members, clients and the public by delivering quality service in support of our mission that provides for the safety of life and property and the preservation of the marine environment. We are committed to continually improving the effectiveness of our health, safety, quality and environmental (HSQE) performance and management system with the goal of preventing injury, ill health and pollution. We will comply with all applicable legal requirements as well as any additional requirements ABS subscribes to which relate to HSQE aspects, objectives and targets. Table of Contents Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................................................x 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. What’s New ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. LNG Drivers .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1. Emissions Regulations ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2. Economic Factors ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3. Regulatory Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. LNG Bunkering Options ..................................................................................................................................10 1.5. How to Use This Study ....................................................................................................................................11 1.6. Project Phases .....................................................................................................................................................13 2. Lessons Learned from Early Adopters ...............................................................................................................14 2.1. Decision to use LNG .........................................................................................................................................15 2.2. Partner Selection & Communication ......................................................................................................15 2.3. Vessel Decisions .................................................................................................................................................16 2.4. LNG Supply Availability....................................................................................................................................16 2.5. Engaging with Regulators and Stakeholders .....................................................................................17 2.6. Training......................................................................................................................................................................17 2.7. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................18 3. Guidelines for Gas-fueled Vessel Operators ..................................................................................................19 3.1. Ship Arrangements and System Design ............................................................................................. 20 3.2. Operational and Training Requirements for Personnel ............................................................... 21 3.3. United States ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.3.1. USCG Regulations and Guidelines Specifically for LNG Fueled Vessels .......... 26 3.3.2. ABS Guidance ....................................................................................................................................... 28 3.4. Canada .................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 3.4.1. Marine Personnel Requirements ............................................................................................... 29 3.4.2. Gas-fueled Vessel Requirements ............................................................................................. 29 4. Guidelines for Bunker Vessel Operators .......................................................................................................... 31 4.1. International .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.1. International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk ................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.2. International Organization for Standardization ................................................................. 31 4.1.3. Standards for Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers ............ 32 4.2. United States ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 4.2.1. USCG Regulations .............................................................................................................................. 35 4.2.2. ABS Rules and Guidance ................................................................................................................ 38 4.3. Canada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 4.3.1. Marine Personnel Requirements ............................................................................................... 39 4.3.2. LNG Bunkering Vessel Requirements .................................................................................... 39 5. Guidelines for Bunkering Facility Operators ................................................................................................... 40 5.1. United States ........................................................................................................................................................ 40 5.1.1. USCG Regulations .............................................................................................................................. 49 5.1.2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulation .....................................51 5.1.3. EPA Regulations .................................................................................................................................. 52 Bunkering of Liquefied Natural Gas-fueled Marine Vessels in North America • Page i 5.1.4. DOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Regulations ... 54 5.1.5. National Fire Protection Association Standards .............................................................. 54 5.2. Canada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55 6. Specific Studies .............................................................................................................................................................. 56 6.1. Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................................................... 56 6.1.1. Hazards ..................................................................................................................................................... 56 6.1.2. Risks ............................................................................................................................................................ 57 6.1.3. Safeguards ............................................................................................................................................. 58 6.2. Siting Study ........................................................................................................................................................... 63 6.2.1. Potential Incidents and Minimum Land Area ...................................................................... 63 6.2.2. Severe Weather ..................................................................................................................................