The Slave Lake Fires May 2011

The Slave Lake Fires May 2011

T H E S L A V E L A K E FIRE S M A Y 2 0 1 1 LESSONS LEARNED Photo Courtesy of Judith C. Kulig RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION “It definitively was a shocking experience. And I think most people have been effected, but have been able to come back, and get back with their life. It’s something I know of people of Slave Lake: people would stand and bounce back.” (Community Member) T H E S L A V E L A K E FIRE S M A Y 2 0 1 1 LESSONS LEARNED “You were looking to the right, where cars were coming from, and this black wall of smoke and embers is coming at you as quick as you can imagine. Like a freight train. That is when I started to say: ok, this is reality, I need to evacuate. But I always thought that I would have a house to come back to. I never thought that my house would burn. For some reason I never thought that our town would ever burn.” (Community Member) Photo Courtesy of Michael J. Kapusta The Slave Lake Fires Quick Facts: ● 1,700 municipal emergency responders from across Alberta helped ● 10,000+ people evacuated “Well, after, I always did think about it, and ● 22,000 hectares consumed think about what could have happened or ● $1 billion in damages what could not have happened or, why did my ● 45,000 hours worked by Red Cross volunteers place get on fire. But now I’m not upset or anything bad. I’m just: it happened, and I’m ● 2 million man-hours needed to rebuild homes alive and good things come out of it, so you ● 233 modular units installed for temporary housing can’t change that, so it’s my life.” (Girl) ● $289 million committed by the Alberta government ● 170+ construction permits issued to date 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LESSONS LEARNED BACKGROUND P A G E 4 The area of Slave Lake, Alberta FROM THE ELECTED LEA DERS P A G E 5 A message about the fires RURAL COMMUNITIES & DISASTERS P A G E 6 Dealing with disasters within rural communities COMMUNITY RESILIENCY P A G E 7 Resiliency and its importance for rural communities FROM THE FIRE CHIEF P A G E 8 A message from the Lesser Slave Regional Fire Service Chief LESSON ONE. COMMUNICATION P A G E 9 Communication with all individuals within the community experiencing disaster is the key LESSON TWO. TEAMWORK P A G E 1 0 Working together LESSON THREE. COMMUNITY P A G E 1 1 A well-designed community disaster relief program is very important LESSON FOUR. RESOURC ES & PERSONNEL P A G E 1 2 Having what you need available LESSON FIVE. FAMILIE S & CHILDREN P A G E 1 3 Being there for those most in need FIRESMART AND RESOUR CES TO ACCESS P A G E 1 4 Options to assist your community in preparing for a disaster ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS P A G E 1 5 This document is based upon the interviews and community fieldwork completed in the Slave Lake region in the first year after the wildfires. The purpose is to share the lessons learned related to the recovery of the community and its citizens. Findings from the school and household survey are available in other reports; see ruralwildfire.ca. Lesser Slave Lake outlet into Lesser Slave River Photo Courtesy of Town of Slave Lake 3 BACKGROUND SLAVE LAKE, ALBERTA, CANADA • Describing the Area The Slave Lake area includes the Town of Slave Lake, the Sawridge First Nation and part of the Mu- nicipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124, including the ham- lets of Canyon Creek, Widewater and Wagner. It is located 250 km THE 2011 SLAVE LAKE FIRES northwest of Edmonton, on the eastern side of Lesser Slave On Saturday May 14, 2011, a wildfire (SWF-056) started burning southwest Lake. of the town and toward the south shore communities of Canyon Creek, Wide- The area is home to approxi- water and Wagner. These communities were put on a two-hour evacuation mately 7,427 residents. The notice. A second wildfire (SWF-065) started very close to the Town of Slave Town has 90% of the area’s Lake, in the Mitsue area, and a third fire (SWT-082) started approximately 15 population and acts as regional km north of the town. Other areas evacuated include Mitsue, Poplar Lane centre, with retail, education, and the Sawridge First Nation. health, financial, government, The next day, Sunday May 15, 2011, winds gusted to 100 kilometers per and transportation services. Oil and forestry industries are preva- hour stirring up both fires and pushing the flames to Widewater and Canyon lent in the region. Tourism is also Creek, and to the town, forcing residents to flee. The entire population of the increasing mainly due to the Town of Slave Lake (approximately 7,000 residents), the Sawridge First Na- beautiful and road-accessible tion and some residents of the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. Lesser Slave Lake. Sandy 124 relocated to different destinations such as Athabasca, Westlock and Ed- beaches attract people in the monton. Residents of the affected area were under a mandatory evacuation summer; and cross-country ski- order by the Town of Slave Lake until May 27, 2011. ing, ice fishing and other activi- There was one death of a helicopter pilot. No fatalities or major injuries oc- ties are common in the winter curred among area residents. The impact of these fires included the destruc- months. tion or damage of 56 residences and 1 commercial building in the Municipal District communities. About one-quarter of the town was affected. The flames consumed over 400 homes, 3 churches, 19 non-residential buildings, and “People are so friendly, and the Government Centre, which included the municipal library, town adminis- the outdoors are so nice. trative offices, and most of the regional provincial government offices. Over- Why wouldn't I want to live all, the magnitude of this wildfire event is unprecedented in recent provincial or national history. here?” (Community Member) 4 FROM THE ELECTED LEADERS SLAVE LAKE, ALBERTA, CANADA Sawridge First Nation Town of Slave Lake Photos Courtesy of Judith C. Kulig MD of Lesser Slave River No. 124 The morning of May 14, 2011 was like any warm, sunny Saturday. Because we live in the boreal forest, we are no strangers to forest fires. When we saw smoke south of the Town of Slave Lake, no one thought much of it. Even later that day when residents were evacuated from nearby hamlets, and the MD and the Town declared a State of Local Emergency, there was little alarm. However, by early afternoon on Sunday, with winds reaching 100 kilometres per hour and several threaten- ing fires in the region, we knew this was a real emergency. The three fires resulted in an evacuation of 10,000+ area residents for 12 days, required the combined efforts of some 1,700 emergency responders, and caused an estimated $1 billion of damage. In the year since the fires, we have learned how resilient and downright tough our people are. The recovery is slowly taking shape, and we are confident we will rebuild to be stronger than ever. One of the biggest lessons we learned was that there is no established guidebook or recipe for disaster re- covery. This has brought our communities closer together. We have developed new governance structures that allow for greater collaboration and joint decision-making. We have reinvented ourselves. We have had to think differently. We are a community, working together to heal. Lastly, we are grateful for the tremendous support we have received and continue to receive from the Gov- ernment of Alberta and the people of Alberta and Canada. We never knew we had so many neighbours, both near and far! Karina Pillay-Kinnee, Mayor Denny Garratt, Reeve Roland Twinn, Chief Town of Slave Lake MD of Lesser Slave River No. 124 Sawridge First Nation 5 RURAL COMMUNITIES & DISASTERS Rural Health Status and Disasters Residents of rural communities rate their own health lower than residents of urban areas. Risk factors for poor health such as farther travel distance to reach health care services, increased smoking rates and a higher preva- lence of obesity have higher incidences in rural communities. Significantly higher rates of blood pressure and arthritis in rural and northern areas of Canada also contribute to decreased health status. While taking personal measures to enfo.agt.bme.hu/drupal/en.gallery/3506 improve health is an important step, Disasters in Rural Areas rural dwellers report a lower likeli- hood of taking action to improve their Natural disasters are events that stretch the re- yagotta.ca/destinations/ health. This overall lower level of health in rural communities has been rec- sources of any community but in rural communi- ognized by local, provincial and federal governments. Across Canada, health ties where there is limited infrastructure, disas- promotion activities have been initiated to increase the level of health experi- ters are even more challenging. From 1995— enced by rural and northern Canadians. 2005, wildfires affected over 250 communities in Canada, most in rural or remote areas. During After disasters, individuals may experience difficulties in coping with the event these events, cooperation between local, provin- and the losses they incurred. Mental health resources are often limited in rural cial and federal governments is key in dealing areas. Technology provides an avenue to access resources to assist individu- with the disaster while it is happening and during als, families and children cope with the changes in their lives.

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