www.nipponsteel.com Titanium Features of Titanium Building Materials FeaturesFeatures ofof TitaniumTitanium BuildingBuilding MaterialsMaterials 2-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 100-8071 Japan T003en_01_201904pT003en_01_201904f Tel: +81-3-6867-4111 © 2019 NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION Titanium, on the cutting edge of the times, Development of titanium building materials is an environmentally friendly metal. Titanium building materials which have come into the world Titanium, an element found in 1790, was as building materials with superior corrosion resistance to named after the Titans, earth giants in ancient stainless steel and copper are the focus of attention among Page 2 Greek mythology. many architects because of their design properties. 1. Its industrial production began in around NIPPON STEEL has been engaged in various technological Basic characteristics 1946. Being “light,” “strong” and “rust-free,” it developments necessary for producing architectural design of titanium building began to be applied in the aerospace, chemi- materials. materials cal, electric-power and other industries, finding Titanium offers superb properties as a building material which is its way further into architectural, civil- ideally suited to application in a engineering and general-purpose applications. highly corrosive environment. Architects began to use titanium in the 1970s. Titanium’s unparalleled performance in Features of corrosion-resistance makes many architectural designs possible for structures in severely titanium building 2. Page 6 corrosive, salty atmospheres of seashores and materials also in permanent architecture (e.g., museums, We continuously strive to enable An extensive product temples and shrines). Lately, titanium designs titanium to maintain its design menu (Surface finish) properties coherently, from have begun to spread to general housing also. We developed titanium materials design selection, through forming with a wide variety of surface Overseas, in the 1990s, the use of titanium and installation, to maintenance. finishes, from those that look like tiles and are suitable for Japanese on a massive scale by Frank O. Gehry in the temples and shrines, to lustrous, Guggenheim Museum (Spain) attracted the colored materials that are suitable for modern architecture. attention of many modern architects and spread to many countries. Demand for titanium building materials is expected to further grow in the future. 3. Page 10 Notice: While every effort has been made to ensure the Development of titani- accuracy of the information contained within this 5. um that does not readily publication, the use of the information is at the reader’s risk (Note) and no warranty is implied or expressed by NIPPON A wealth of become discolored STEEL CORPORATION with respect to the use of the We developed titanium information contained herein. The information in this application technology materials for building use that publication is subject to change or modification without ● do not easily become discolored Development of a material Page 13 notice. Please contact the NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION that has little distortion 4. with the passage of time. office for the latest information. CONTENTS during forming Please refrain from unauthorized reproduction or copying of (Page 14) Reduction of the contents of this publication. Development of titanium building materials 1 ● Development of a suitable color-tone from The names of our products and services shown in this Basic characteristics of titanium building materials 2 cleaning agent (Page 15) publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of An extensive product menu (Surface finish) 6 one lot to another NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION , affiliated companies, or Colored titanium 9 With metal, the color-tone from one third parties granting rights to NIPPON STEEL Development of titanium that does not readily become discolored 10 lot to another poses an issue from CORPORATION or affiliated companies. Other product or the design aspect. We developed Reduction of color-tone from one lot to another 13 service names shown may be trademarks or registered control technology that enables a A wealth of application technology 14 trademarks of their respective owners. large area to be produced with Examples of use of titanium for building applications 16 relatively little color variation. (Note) This product reduces the rate of discoloration with the passage of time. It does not stop discoloration. It is not Reference materials 21 possible to guarantee that discoloration will not occur. 1 1. Basic characteristics of titanium building materials 1. Unparalleled corrosion resistance 3. Light weight Titanium, readily forming stable oxide films (in a passive hot-spring resorts and the like. Titanium is a metal that The specific gravity of titanium is 4.51– 60% that of steel, half that of copper and 1.7 state), gives excellent performance in corrosion resistance. In also resists such environmental pollution as acid rain. times that of aluminum. Being such a lightweight metal, titanium imposes less burden ordinary service environments of building materials, the (3) Titanium is quite free of stress, pitting, and crevice corro- on a structure, and permits ease of fabrication. possibility of titanium building materials becoming corroded sion as well as other types of corrosion or problems According to use, it eliminates the need for corrosion-combating expenses, and is non-existent. inherent in stainless steel. enables further weight reduction. (4) Corrosion due to contact with different metals (Refer to (1) Seawater corrosion resistance is comparable to that of “Corrosion potential in sea water” on page 21) Minimum thermal expansion platinum The corrosion potential of titanium is virtually equal to that 4. — suited to application in coastal areas. of stainless steel, and it can be used in the same manner. Titanium’s coefficient of thermal expansion is half that of stainless steel and copper (2) Excellent corrosion resistance to corrosive gases In locations where protection against contact corrosion is and one third of aluminum. Having a thermal-expansion coefficient quite near those of (sulfurous acid gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, etc.) paramount, consideration must be given to insulation and glass and concrete, titanium can be used in combination with these materials. — suited to application in large cities, industrial areas, the prevention of condensation. Thus, with little susceptibility to expansion or contraction from temperature changes, titanium offers great ease and freedom in design and execution in long-term use. Table 1. Comparison of weather resistance between various metals Table 2. Comparison of chemical resistance between various metals Excellent aesthetic qualities (Source: Japan Titanium Society) (Source: Japan Titanium Society) 5. Titanium Stainless steel Copper Titanium Stainless steel Stainless steel Copper Titanium itself has an excellent texture and has a tastefully subdued silver color. SUS 304 SUS 304 SUS 316 Titanium is also available in many varied colors developed by the anodic oxidation Sea water Sea salt particle method. resistance (pitting) Room temperature Hydrochloric acid Ultraviolet ray × × × resistance HC 10%; Room temperature Acid rain Sulfuric acid 6. Environmentally sound resistance (pitting) H2SO4 10%; Room temperature Titanium is an innoxiously metal. Nitric acid Acid rain × 3 Only slight dissolution of metal ions makes titanium a very friendly metal to humans atmospheric × HNO 10%; Room temperature resistance Caustic soda and the environment. NaOH 50%; Room temperature Contact corrosion × Sodium chloride resistance Others NaC 20%; Room temperature 7. Corrosion fluidity × Chlorine gas resistance × × × Among the other major properties titanium offers are: C2 100%; Wet ① Small Young’s modulus (elastic modulus). Thermal resistance Hydrogen sulfide gas × H2S 100%; Wet ② Small thermal conductivity. Erosion resistance Sulfurous acid gas ③ A high melting point. Rating: Excellent Good Fair ×Poor × SO2; 30–90C Contact corrosion: The phenomenon in which a metal itself ④ Non-magnetism. corrodes due to contact with extraneous matters Rating: 0.05 0.050.5 0.551.27 × 1.27 mm/year Pitting and crevice corrosion are likely to occur. Table 4. Comparison of physical properties between titanium and other metals Stainless steel 2. Great strength Metallic materials Titanium Stainless steel Iron Copper Aluminum Item SUS 304 SUS 316 Titanium is almost as strong as steel, and it is the strongest of all metals for its mass or Melting point °C 1,668 1,3981,453 1,3701,397 1,530 1,083 660 the strongest in terms of specific gravity. For application as a building material, JIS Type Specific gravity 4.51 7.93 8.0 7.9 8.9 2.7 1 — which is highly workable — is mainly used. Thermal expansion coefficient 8.4 17.3 16.0 12.0 17.0 23.0 10-6/°C (20100) Table 3. Specifications for pure titanium for industrial use (JIS products) Thermal conductivity 0.041 0.039 0.039 0.150 0.920 0.490 ca/cm2/sec/°C/cm Chemical composition Mechanical properties Bend test (thickness: 0.5-15 mm, excl.) (thickness: 0.5-5 mm, excl.) Electric resistance -cm 47 72 74 9.7 1.7 2.7 Tensile strength Proof stress Elongation Bend Young’s modulus Kg/mm2 10,850 19,300 19,300 21,000 11,000 7,050 H O N Fe C Ti Inside radius (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (%) angle JIS Type 1 0.013 0.15 0.03 0.20 0.08 Remainder 270 – 410 165 27 180° Thickness by 2 JIS Type 2 0.013 0.20 0.03 0.25 0.08 Remainder 340 – 510 215 23 180° Thickness by