City of Avalon RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY June 2016 CITY OF AVALON RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CITY OF AVALON RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY JUNE 2016 Prepared for: City of Avalon 410 Avalon Canyon Road Avalon, California 90704 Prepared by: 9755 Clairemont Mesa Blvd San Diego, CA 92124 858.614.5000 Tel 858.614.5001 Fax JN: 149561 H:\PDATA\149561\Admin\Reports\Water\Recycled Water Study\Final\FINAL_Avalon_RW Study_v4.docx CITY OF AVALON RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CITY OF AVALON RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY Acknowledgements Michael Baker International would like to acknowledge the contribution of all parties involved that provided key data for the Recycled Water / Energy Sustainability Sub-Plan study. Below is a list of each entity that contributed to the study: City of Avalon: Owner of sanitary sewer collection system, wastewater treatment facility, and saltwater system Environ Strategy Consultants (ES): Operator of sanitary sewer collection system, wastewater treatment facility, and saltwater system Southern California Edison (SCE) Owner and operator of the potable water system Avalon Environmental Services (a CR&R Incorporation) Operator of Avalon’s Pebbly Beach Landfill CITY OF AVALON RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY CITY OF AVALON TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ i 1.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1 2.0 Saltwater System ....................................................................................................................3 2.1 Saltwater Demands ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Saltwater Intake and Distribution ................................................................................................. 3 2.3 Saltwater Reservoirs ..................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Saltwater Issues ............................................................................................................................ 5 3.0 Sanitary Sewer Collection System ............................................................................................9 3.1 Wastewater Flows......................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Wastewater Lift Stations ............................................................................................................. 10 3.3 Wastewater Treatment Facility .................................................................................................. 11 3.3.1 Headworks .......................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.2 Trickling Filter ...................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.3 Aeration Basins and Secondary Clarifiers............................................................................ 12 3.3.4 Chlorine Contact Basin ........................................................................................................ 12 3.3.5 Gravity Thickener ................................................................................................................ 12 3.3.6 Aerobic Digesters ................................................................................................................ 13 3.3.7 Solids Processing ................................................................................................................. 13 3.3.8 Sludge Drying Beds .............................................................................................................. 13 4.0 Potable Water System ........................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Potable Water Demands ............................................................................................................. 21 4.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Seawater Desalination ................................................................................................................ 22 4.4 Potable Water Issues .................................................................................................................. 23 5.0 Recycled Water ..................................................................................................................... 25 5.1 Regulatory Considerations .......................................................................................................... 25 5.1.1 Federal Requirements ......................................................................................................... 25 5.1.2 State of California Requirements ........................................................................................ 25 5.2 City of Avalon Potential Recycled Water Uses ............................................................................ 29 5.2.1 Replace Saltwater Use ........................................................................................................ 30 5.2.2 Irrigation ............................................................................................................................. 31 5.2.3 Indirect or Direct Potable Reuse (IPR / DPR) Considerations .............................................. 33 6.0 Recycled Water Treatment Alternatives ................................................................................ 37 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 37 6.2 Tertiary Treatment Processes ..................................................................................................... 37 6.2.1 Filtration System ................................................................................................................. 37 6.2.2 Filter Backwash Waste Stream ........................................................................................... 41 6.2.3 Disinfection.......................................................................................................................... 41 PAGE I RECYCLED WATER / ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY SUB-PLAN STUDY CITY OF AVALON TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.3 Conveyance Pumping and Pipelines ........................................................................................... 42 6.4 Recycled Water Storage .............................................................................................................. 43 6.5 Recommended Recycled Water Project ..................................................................................... 43 6.5.1 Corrosion Consideration ...................................................................................................... 44 6.5.2 Fire Flow Consideration ....................................................................................................... 44 6.5.3 Capital Cost Estimate .......................................................................................................... 44 6.5.4 Potential Funding Sources ................................................................................................... 45 6.5.5 5-Year Implementation Plan ............................................................................................... 46 7.0 Potable Water Production Alternatives ................................................................................. 53 7.1 Avalon Canyon Wells................................................................................................................... 53 7.2 Seawater Desalination ................................................................................................................ 54 8.0 Energy Production Alternatives ............................................................................................. 55 8.1 Environmental Restrictions on Energy Recovery Devices ........................................................... 57 8.2 Wave Energy Recovery Devices .................................................................................................. 61 8.3 Ocean Current Energy Collection Devices................................................................................... 66 8.4 Wind Energy Collection Devices ................................................................................................. 68 8.5 Avalon Ocean and Wind Energy Potential .................................................................................. 69 8.6 Avalon Solar Energy Potential ..................................................................................................... 70 8.7 Sustainable Energy Funding Opportunity ................................................................................... 72 8.7.1 Grant Funding Opportunity (GFO)