THEME: Environment (including climate change) TOPIC: ENV.2011.2.1.2-1 Hydromorphology and ecological objectives of WFD Collaborative project (large-scale integrating project) Grant Agreement 282656 Duration: November 1, 2011 – October 31, 2015 REstoring rivers FOR effective catchment Management Deliverable D2.1 Part 2 Title Thematic Annexes of the Multi-scale Hierarchical Framework Author(s) (authors of D2.1 Part 2 in alphabetical order*) S. Bizzi1, B. Blamauer2, G. Braca3, M. Bussettini3, B. Camenen4, F. Comiti5, L. Demarchi1, D. García De Jalón6, M. González Del Tánago6, R.C. Grabowski7, A.M. Gurnell7, H. Habersack2, B. Lastoria3, A. Latapie4, V. Martínez-Fernández6, J.O. Mountford8, L. Nardi9, M.T. O’Hare8, C. Percopo3, M. Rinaldi9, N. Surian10, C. Weissteiner1, L. Ziliani10 1JRC, 2BOKU, 3ISPRA, 4IRSTEA, 5Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 6UPM, 7QMUL, 8NERC, 9UNIFI, 10University of Padova Deliverable due date: 1 November 2014 Actual Submission date: 30 October 2014 Project funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme (2007 – 2013) Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) D2.1 HyMo Hierarchical Multi-scale Framework II. Thematic Annexes * Please cite the whole of Deliverable 2.1 as follows: A.M. Gurnell, B. Belletti, S. Bizzi, B. Blamauer, G. Braca, T.Buijse, M. Bussettini, B. Camenen, F. Comiti, L. Demarchi, D. García De Jalón, M. González Del Tánago, R.C. Grabowski, I.D.M. Gunn, H. Habersack, D. Hendriks, A. Henshaw, M. Klösch, B. Lastoria, A. Latapie, P. Marcinkowski, V. Martínez-Fernández, E . Mosselman, J.O. Mountford, L. Nardi, T. Okruszko, M.T. O’Hare, M. Palma, C. Percopo, M. Rinaldi, N. Surian, C. Weissteiner and L. Ziliani (2014) A multi-scale framework and indicators of hydromorphological processes and forms. Deliverable 2.1, a report in four parts of REFORM (REstoring rivers FOR effective catchment Management), a Collaborative project (large-scale integrating project) funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 282656. Please cite Part 2 of Deliverable 2.1 as follows: S. Bizzi, B. Blamauer, G. Braca, M. Bussettini, B. Camenen, F. Comiti, L. Demarchi, D. García De Jalón, M. González Del Tánago, R.C. Grabowski, A.M. Gurnell, H. Habersack, B. Lastoria, A. Latapie, V. Martínez-Fernández, J.O. Mountford, L. Nardi, M.T. O’Hare, C. Percopo, M. Rinaldi, N. Surian, C. Weissteiner and L. Ziliani (2014) Thematic Annexes of the Multi-scale Hierarchical Framework. Deliverable 2.1, Part 2, of REFORM (REstoring rivers FOR effective catchment Management), a Collaborative project (large-scale integrating project) funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 282656. ii D2.1 HyMo Hierarchical Multi-scale Framework II. Thematic Annexes Summary Background and Introduction to Deliverable 2.1. Work Package 2 of REFORM focuses on hydromorphological and ecological processes and interactions within river systems with a particular emphasis on naturally functioning systems. It provides a context for research on the impacts of hydromorphological changes in Work Package 3 and for assessments of the effects of river restoration in Work Package 4. Deliverable 2.1 of Work Package 2 proposes a hierarchical framework to support river managers in exploring the causes of hydromorphological management problems and devising sustainable solutions. The deliverable has four parts. Part 1 provides a full description of the hierarchical framework and describes ways in which each element of it can be applied to European rivers and their catchments. Part 2 (this volume) includes thematic annexes which provide more detailed information on some specific aspects of the framework described in Part 1. Part 3 includes catchment case studies which present the application of the entire framework described in Part 1 to a set of European catchments located in different biogeographical zones. Part 4 includes catchment case studies which present a partial application of the framework described in Part 1 to a further set of European catchments. Summary of Deliverable 2.1 Part 2. Part 2 of Deliverable 2.1 provides fuller details concerning some specific topics outlined in Part 1. A method for automating delineation of river reaches is described and tested (Annex A). Information on the natural riparian and aquatic plant communities of Europe is tabulated (Annex B). Flow regime analysis (Annex C) is explored in far greater detail than in part 1, with indicators fully defined and several different methods described. Quantifying the calibre and structure of river sediments is a challenging task, so Annex D goes into this topic in depth, providing the information required for sampling regimes to be designed. In Annex E, some additional information on the classification of rivers and floodplains is provided. Following a brief description of sediment budgets (Annex F), a more extended description of empirically defined threshold conditions between rivers of different type (Annex G), and a description of a range of sediment transport formulae (Annex H), Annex I presents a series of modelling applications that have been developed for network, reach and habitat scale applications. These are presented in the form of applications of particular models to individual European rivers, many of which are the focus of catchment case studies in Parts 3 and 4 of Deliverable 2.1. Deliverable 2.1 Part 2 concludes with a review of how remote sensing can contribute to assessment of particular features, processes and characteristics that are required during the application of the hierarchical framework. Acknowledgements: The work leading to this report has received funding from the EU’s 7th FP under Grant Agreement No. 282656 (REFORM). We gratefully acknowledge the following for their constructive reviews: Gary Brierley, Judy England, Ángel Garcia Canton, Fernando Magdaleno Mas, María Isabel Berga Cano. iii D2.1 HyMo Hierarchical Multi-scale Framework II. Thematic Annexes Table of Contents This document is part 2 of a 4 part report and contains Thematic Annexes to the Hierarchical Framework proposed in Part 1. Annex A: Automated Delineation of River Reaches (Case Study: Upper Esla 5 River, North West Spain) Annex B: Riparian and Aquatic Plant Communities of Europe 20 Annex C: Flow Regime Analysis and Hydrological Alteration 44 Annex D: Sampling Bed and Bank Sediments in Streams and Rivers 64 Annex E: Some Further Information on Classifications of Rivers and 80 Floodplains Annex F: Sediment Budget: review of definition and principles 87 Annex G: Threshold Conditions for predicting Channel Patterns 89 Annex H: Sediment Transport Formulae 96 Annex I: Models tested at Catchment Case Study Sites 102 Annex I1: Network-scale sediment budgeting using the Sediment 103 Impact Analysis Method (SIAM): Application to the lowland River Frome. Annex I2: Discussion of the sediment dynamics on a long reach using 120 1D modelling Annex I3: Hydraulic modelling of the Magra river (Italy) 133 Annex I4: Modelling of the Tagliamento River (Italy): prediction of 142 channel morphology and estimation of bedload transport Annex I5: Sediment transport and bed evolution modelling: 146 application to the middle Loire river Annex I6: Discussion concerning the sediment dynamics of the 156 lowland River Frome using 1D modelling Annex I7: Application of hydrodynamical and habitat evaluation 167 models to a reach of the Lech River Annex I8: Application of a 2D hydrodynamical model to a reach of 185 the Drau River Annex I9: Assessing geomorphic dynamism at the reach scale to 196 explain biotic responses using 2D models (The Curueño river, North-western Spain) Annex J: Improving hydromorphological assessment by remote sensing 204 assimilations iv D2.1 HyMo Hierarchical Multi-scale Framework II. Thematic Annexes Annex A Automated Delineation of River Reaches (Case Study: Upper Esla River, North West Spain) Vanesa Martínez-Fernández, Marta González del Tánago, Diego García de Jalón E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain Summary This work aims to explain the general procedure for developing automated delineation of river reaches and to provide an alternative to the traditional delineation approach based on expert criteria. This methodology has been applied to three Spanish rivers to illustrate the procedure. The use of automated delineation to identify spatial discontinuities has recently become very common due to the increase in the availability of GIS and remote sensing information. The principles indicate that the automated delineation approach seems to be more objective and statistically reliable than expert criteria. Among the large number of algorithms that could be considered to identify spatial discontinuities of river reaches, the Pettit´s test was used. The limitations and advantages of this algorithm are briefly discussed. A.1 Introduction Identification of spatial discontinuities along the continuum of the fluvial systems is necessary for many purposes. Physical characterization, sampling design, monitoring, or reference assignment are examples of current procedures that have to be based on specific river reaches or segments, which need to be delineated in advance. To date, expert criteria and graphical methods have been