Poetry Elements Sound Includes: ■ In poetry the sound Writers use many elements to create their and meaning of words ■ Rhythm-a pattern of stressed and poems. These elements include: Understanding Poetry are combined to unstressed syllables in the line of a poem. (4th Grade Taft) express feelings, ■ Sound ■ Rhyme-similarity of sounds at the end of thoughts, and ideas. ■ Imagery words. ■ The poet chooses ■ Figurative ■ Alliteration-repetition of consonant sounds at Adapted from: Mrs. Paula McMullen words carefully (Word the beginning of words. Example-Sally sells Language Library Teacher Choice). sea shells Norwood Public Schools ■ Poetry is usually ■ Form ■ Onomatopoeia- uses words that sound like written in lines (not ■ Speaker their meaning. Example- Bang, shattered sentences). 2 3 4 Rhythm Example Rhythm Example Sound Rhythm The Pickety Fence by David McCord Where Are You Now? ■ Rhythm is the flow of the The pickety fence Writers love to use interesting sounds in beat in a poem. The pickety fence When the night begins to fall Give it a lick it's their poems. After all, poems are meant to ■ Gives poetry a musical And the sky begins to glow The pickety fence You look up and see the tall be heard. These sound devices include: feel. Give it a lick it's City of lights begin to grow – ■ Can be fast or slow, A clickety fence In rows and little golden squares Give it a lick it's a lickety fence depending on mood and The lights come out. First here, then there ■ Give it a lick Rhyme subject of poem. Behind the windowpanes as though Give it a lick A million billion bees had built The rhythm in this poem is ■ Repetition ■ You can measure rhythm Give it a lick Their golden hives and honeycombs slow – to match the night in meter, by counting the With a rickety stick Above you in the air. gently falling and the ■ Alliteration pickety The rhythm in this poem is fast – lights slowly coming on. beats in each line. By Mary Britton Miller pickety to match the speed of the stick ■ (See next two slides for ■ Onomatopoeia pickety striking the fence. examples.) pick. 5 6 7 8 Alliteration Example Forms of Poetry Rhyme Alliteration This Tooth There are many forms of poetry including the: I jiggled it ■ Rhymes are words that ■ Alliteration is the ■ Couplet jaggled it end with the same sound. repetition of the first ■ Tercet (Hat, cat and bat rhyme.) jerked it. consonant sound in ■ Acrostic ■ Rhyming sounds don’t I pushed words, as in the ■ Cinquain have to be spelled the and pulled ■ Haiku same way. (Cloud and nursery rhyme “Peter and poked it. ■ Senryu allowed rhyme.) Piper picked a peck But – ■ Concrete Poem ■ Rhyme is the most of pickled peppers.” As soon as I stopped, The snake slithered silently common sound device in And left it alone ■ Free Verse ■ (See next slide for along the sunny sidewalk. poetry. This tooth came out ■ Limerick example.) On its very own! by Lee Bennett Hopkins 9 17 18 29 Tercet Lines and Stanzas Couplet Quatrain March ■ Most poems are ■ A tercet is a poem, or stanza, written in three ■ written in lines. A blue day ■ A couplet is a poem, A quatrain is a poem, or lines. stanza, written in four ■ A group of lines in a A blue jay or stanza in a poem, lines. ■ Usually rhymes. poem is called a written in two lines. ■ The quatrain is the most And a good beginning. ■ Lines 1 and 2 can stanza. common form of stanza rhyme; lines 1 and 3 can ■ Usually rhymes. used in poetry. ■ Stanzas separate rhyme; sometimes all 3 The Lizard One crow, ■ Usually rhymes. ideas in a poem. lines rhyme. The lizard is a timid thing The Jellyfish Winter Moon ■ Can be written in variety Melting snow – They act like How thin and sharp is the moon tonight! of rhyming patterns. That cannot dance or fly or sing; Who wants my jellyfish? ■ (See slide 9 entitled paragraphs. Spring’s winning! How thin and sharp and ghostly white He hunts for bugs beneath the floor I’m not sellyfish! “Rhyming Patterns.”) ■ This poem has two Is the slim curved crook of the moon tonight! And longs to be a dinosaur. By Eleanor Farjeon By Ogden Nash stanzas. By Langston Hughes By John Gardner 30 31 32 33 Traditional Cinquain Word-Count Cinquain Diamante Free Verse ■ A cinquain is a poem ■ Word-count cinquain for younger Diamante Pattern Revenge written in five lines that do students uses the following ■ A diamante is a ■ A free verse poem Line 1 – Your topic (noun) pattern: When I find out not rhyme. seven-line poem written does not use rhyme or who took Line 2 – Two adjectives about ■ Traditional cinquain has the last cooky Line 1: One word (title) in the shape of a patterns. five lines containing 22 Line 2: Two words (describe the Line 3 – Three “ing” words about out of the jar diamond. ■ Can vary freely in syllables in the following title) Line 4 – Four nouns or short and left length of lines, me a bunch of pattern: Oh, cat Line 3: Three words (describe an ■ Does not rhyme. phrase linking topic (or topics) Owl stanzas, and subject. stale old messy are you grinning action) Line 1 – 2 syllables ■ Follows pattern. Line 5 – Three “ing” words about crumbs, I'm Line 4: Four words (describe a Swift, ferocious Line 2 – 4 syllables curled in the window seat going to take feeling) ■ Can use synonyms or Line 5 – Two adjectives about Line 3 – 6 syllables Watches for food as sun warms you this December me a handful Line 5: One word (another word for antonyms. Line 7 – Your ending topic (noun) and crumb Line 4 – 8 syllables Soaring through the night morning? title) up someone's bed. Line 5 – 2 syllables ■ (See next two slides for By Paul B. Janezco Hunter By Myra Cohn Livingston examples.) 34 35 36 42 Acrostic ■ In an acrostic poem the first letter of each line, read down the page, spells the subject of the poem. ■ Type of free verse Loose brown parachute poem. Escaping ■ Does not usually And Floating on puffs of air. rhyme. by Paul Paolilli 43.