See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339955665 A taxonomic review of California Holocene Callianax (Olivellidae: Gastropoda: Mollusca) based on shell characters Article · March 2020 CITATIONS READS 0 9 3 authors, including: Charles L. Powell David Berschauer Emeritus United States Geological Survey University of California, Irvine 100 PUBLICATIONS 339 CITATIONS 31 PUBLICATIONS 33 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity Studies View project Pleistocene Marine Mollusks of California and Baja California: An Annotated Bibliography, 1866-2000, version 1 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Charles L. Powell on 16 March 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. A taxonomic review of California Holocene Callianax (Olivellidae. Gastropoda. Mollusca) based on shell characters Charles L. 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Submit advertisements to our Advertising WEBSITE Director Lisa Lindahl, at: [email protected] http://www.sandiegoshellclub.com Submit comments or suggestions regarding our website to our Webmaster Dung Vo at [email protected]. FRONT COVER: Callianax biplicata photographed by Robyn Waayers, in situ, on July 6, 2016, Clam Beach, Humboldt County, California. Photo used with permission. All rights reserved. (Cover artistic credit: Publication date: March 1, 2020 Rex Stilwill). © San Diego Shell Club, Inc. ISSN 0738-9388 2 SUPPLEMENT THE FESTIVUS SPECIAL ISSUE A taxonomic review of California Holocene Callianax (Olivellidae: Gastropoda: Mollusca) based on shell characters Charles L. Powell, II 1, Fred Vervaet 2 and David Berschauer 3 1 U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 95111; [email protected] 2 Boekenburglaan 12, 2215 AD Voorhout, the Netherlands; [email protected] 3 25461 Barents Street, Laguna Hills, CA 92653; [email protected] ABSTRACT Type specimens and (or) photographs of the 21 named taxa used for California Holocene olivellids were examined to recognize four modern species now assigned to the genus Callianax and one species presumed extinct. The California Holocene species include C. alectona, C. biplicata, C. diegensis, and C. strigata, while the extinct species is Olivella pedroana. Other olivellid names previously used in California are also discussed and these include O. baetica, O. biplicata alba, O. biplicata angelana, O. biplicata brunnea, O. biplicata fucana, O. biplicata lapillus, O. biplicata parva, O. boetica, O. b. diegensis, O. b. mexicana, O. dama, O. glandinaria, O. intorta, O. minuta, O. nota, O. porteri, and O. pycna. Olivella dama and O. intorta are valid species that occur further south in Mexico and are not present in California today despite reports. Olivella nota is also a valid name but for a west Pacific species. KEY WORDS Olivellidae, Callianax, Olivella, California, Holocene, morphology McLean (2007) assigned the northeastern examination of these specimens is beyond the Pacific species of Olivella to the genus scope of this paper, so we report their Callianax H. and A. Adams (1853), which he occurrences with little taxonomic verification. elevated from a subgenus of the tropical to subtropical genus Olivella Swainson (1831). He This report is based on shell morphological also designated three Callianax species from the characters of type and supplementary specimens Holocene1 of California and the northeastern attributed to the modern molluscan fauna of the Pacific, C. alectonica (as O. baetica), C. northeast Pacific. Charles Powell contributed biplicata, and C. strigata (as O. pycna). In most of the writing, Fred Vervaet aided in California, the names for many species and revising species descriptions and taxonomic subspecies have been used over the years and discussions, while David Berschauer provided the aim here is to resolve the confusion most of the photographs used in the plates. surrounding these names by discussing and illustrating type specimens (where possible) for each name. Fossil occurrences from the literature have also been cited. However, the _________________________________ 1 The Holocene ( /ˈhɒləˌsiːn, ˈhoʊ-/) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 calendar years before present, after the last glacial maximum, and continues today (Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene, retrieved 4/2019). ISSN 0738-9388 3 SUPPLEMENT THE FESTIVUS SPECIAL ISSUE Abbreviations used and collections examined. ANSP — Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. CASIZ — California Academy of Sciences, Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, San Francisco, California. LACM — Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Malacology Department, Los Angeles, California. LACMIP — Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Invertebrate Paleontology Department, Los Angeles, California. LIVCM — National Museum Liverpool, Liverpool, England MNHN — National Natural History Museum, Paris, France. NHMUK — British Museum of Natural History, London, England. SBMNH — Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. METHODS tested using gross anatomy (including radula), ecology, biogeography, or the fossil record. All olivellid taxonomic names used over nearly 200 years for Holocene California species are Genus Callianax H. and A. Adams, 1853 evaluated by examining their original descriptions, type photographs where possible, The genus Callianax is presumably named for as well as specimens in some museums and the Greek physican Calli’anax (Καλλιάναξ) who private collections. Modern northeastern Pacific probably lived in the third century B.C. He was Callianax species are described here using the one of the followers of Herophilus, and was features illustrated in Figure 1. In addition, known for the roughness and brutality of his literature related to California Quaternary manners towards his patients. Callianax/olivellids are evaluated and some fossil occurrences are evaluated. Taxa are listed Olsson (1956) places Callianax as a subgenus alphabetically in the systematic section with within Olivella. He defined Callianax as a large valid species listed first and in bold typeface, to medium sized shell, variously colored, with a while non-valid or non-native species names