2011 Third Publication African Union Commission July 2011 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 3. Theoretical approach to integration............................................................................................................... 15 3.1. Economic integration AND ITS modalities and its advantages: Theoretical SynthetiC Survey ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1 Economic integration’s modalities ................................................................................................ 15 3.1.2. Advantages of Economic Integration ................................................................................................ 18 3.2. African approach to integration ........................................................................................................ 21 4. STATUS PER REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITY ................................................................................ 28 4.1 ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS) ............................... 28 4.1.1 Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.1.2 Activities and progress ........................................................................................................................ 30 4.1.3. Activities up to Date ............................................................................................................................. 50 4.1.4 Challenges ................................................................................................................................................... 63 4.1.5 Future outlook .................................................................................................................................. 65 4.2 COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA (COMESA).......................... 66 4.2.1. Objectives of COMESA .................................................................................................................. 66 4.2.2 Activities and progress ................................................................................................................ 66 4.2.3. Progress made up to date .................................................................................................................. 84 4.2.4 Challenges ........................................................................................................................................... 96 4.2.5 Future outlook ................................................................................................................................. 97 4.3. ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL AFRICAN STATES (ECCAS) ................................... 98 2 4.3.1 Objectives of ECCAS ....................................................................................................................... 99 4.3.2 Activities and progress ..............................................................................................................101 4.3.3 Progress made up to date .................................................................................................................107 4.3.4 Challenges .........................................................................................................................................115 4.3.5 Future outlook ................................................................................................................................117 4.4. SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) ........................................118 4.4.1 Objectives of SADC .......................................................................................................................118 4.4.2 Activities and progress ..............................................................................................................119 4.4.3 Progress made up to date .................................................................................................................126 4.4.4 Challenges .........................................................................................................................................134 4.4.5 Future outlook ................................................................................................................................136 4.5 INTER-GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY ON DEVELOPMENT (IGAD) ............138 4.5.1 Objectives of IGAD .....................................................................................................................139 4.5.2 Activities and Progress ...................................................................................................................140 4.5.3 Progress made up to date ............................................................................................................164 4.5.4 Challenges ...........................................................................................................................................170 4.5.5 Future outlook ................................................................................................................................171 4.6 ComMUNITY OF SAHEL-SAHARAN STATES (CEN-SAD) ...........................................................173 4.6.1 Objectives of CEN-SAD ...............................................................................................................173 4.6.2 Activities and Progress ....................................................................................................................174 4.6.3 Progress made up to date .................................................................................................................184 4.6.4 Challenges ..............................................................................................................................................187 4.6.5 Future outlook ................................................................................................................................188 4.7. EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY (EAC) .................................................................................................191 4.7.1 Objectives ..........................................................................................................................................193 4.7.2 Activities and Progress ..............................................................................................................194 4.7.3 Activities up to date .............................................................................................................................211 3 4.7.4 Challenges .........................................................................................................................................219 4.7.5 Future Outlook .......................................................................................................................................219 5. Activities at the Continental level .................................................................................................................220 5.1 PROGRAMME FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA (pida) ....................220 5.2 Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP).........................221 5.3 Financial Institutions ...................................................................................................................................222 5.3.1 African Investment Bank ..................................................................................................................222 5.3.2 African Central Bank ...........................................................................................................................222 5.3.3 African Monetary Fund ......................................................................................................................223 5.4. AFRICAN CHARTER ON STATISTICS (ACS) AND STRATEGY FOR THE HARMONISATION OF STATISTICS IN AFRICA (SHaSA) ....................................................................223 5.4.1 Background and Rationale ...............................................................................................................223 5.4.2 African Charter on Statistics ...................................................................................................224 5.4.3 Strategy for the harmonization of statistics in Africa (SHaSA) .............................226 5.5 The African Charter on Democracy ......................................................................................................226 5.6 Human Resources,