Kingdom of Cambodia Ministry of Environment TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ACTION PLANS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION March 2013 Supported by: Disclaimer: This document is an output of the Technology Needs Assessment project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP-Risoe Centre (URC) in collaboration with the Regional Centre Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok for the benefit of the participating countries. The present report is the output of a fully country-led process and the views and information contained herein are a product of the National TNA team, led by the Ministry of Environment. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................................i ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... vi FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................. 1 PART I: TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENTS REPORT .................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Objectives of the TNA Project ...................................................................................................... 5 1.2 National Sustainable Development Strategies ............................................................................ 5 1.3 Climate ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 National Inventories of Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................. 6 1.5 National Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Activities ........................................................ 8 1.6 TNA Relevance to National Development Priorities .................................................................. 12 Chapter 2: InstitutionalArrangement for the TNA and the Stakeholders’ Involvement ................ 13 2.1 TNA Team, National Project Coordinator, Consultants, etc. ..................................................... 13 2.2 Stakeholder Engagement Process Followed in TNA– Overall Assessment ................................ 13 Chapter 3: SectorPrioritization ................................................................................................... 15 3.1 An Overview of Sectors, and Projected Climate Change and the GHG Emission Status and Trends of the Different Sectors ........................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Process and Criteria of Prioritization ......................................................................................... 16 3.3 Current Status of Technologies in Transport ............................................................................. 18 3.4 Current Status of Technologies in Energy Efficiency .................................................................. 19 Chapter 4: TechnologyPrioritization for Transport ...................................................................... 21 4.1 An Overview of Possible Mitigation Technology Options in Transport and their Mitigation Benefits............................................................................................................................................. 21 4.2 Criteria and Process of Technology Prioritization ...................................................................... 22 4.3 Results of Technology Prioritization .......................................................................................... 23 Chapter 5: TechnologyPrioritization for Energy Efficiency ........................................................... 25 5.1 An Overview of Possible Mitigation Technology Options in Energy Efficiency and their Mitigation Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 25 5.2 Criteria and Process of Technology Prioritization ...................................................................... 25 5.3 Results of Technology Prioritization .......................................................................................... 26 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................................. 28 i PART II: TECHNOLOGY ACTION PLANS ........................................................................................ 29 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 1: Energy Efficiency ....................................................................................................... 31 1.1 Preliminary Targets for Technology Transfer and Diffusion Based on TNA Report ................... 31 1.2 Barrier Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 31 1.2.1 Barrier Identification and Analysis to the Transfer and Diffusion of CFLs ........................... 32 1.2.2 Barrier Identification and Analysis for the Transfer and Diffusion of Household Energy Efficient Appliances ....................................................................................................................... 35 1.2.3 Linkages of the Barriers Identified ....................................................................................... 36 1.3 Enabling Framework for Overcoming the Barriers .................................................................... 37 1.3.1 Possible Solutions to Address the Barriers for the Transfer and Diffusion for CFLs ............ 37 1.3.2 Possible Solutions to Address the Barriers for the Transfer and Diffusion for Household Energy Efficient Appliances........................................................................................................... 39 1.4 Technology Action Plans, Project Ideas, and Other Issues in Energy Efficiency ........................ 40 1.4.1 Technology Action Plan for the Transfer and Diffusion of CFLs ........................................... 40 1.4.2 Technology Action Plan for the Transfer and Diffusion of Household Energy Efficient Appliances ..................................................................................................................................... 41 1.4.3 Brief Summary of Project Ideas for International Support .................................................. 42 1.4. 4 Other External Barriers ....................................................................................................... 42 1.5 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 2: Transport .................................................................................................................. 44 2.1 Preliminary Targets for Technology Transfer and Diffusion ...................................................... 44 2.2 Barrier Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 45 2.2.1 Barrier Identification and Analysis for the Transfer and Diffusion of Urban Public Transport ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 2.2.2 Barrier Identification and Analysis for the Transfer and Diffusion of Vehicle Emission Standards ...................................................................................................................................... 47 2.2.3 Linkages of the Barriers Identified ....................................................................................... 48 2.3 Enabling Framework for Overcoming the Barriers .................................................................... 49 2.3.1 Possible Solutions to Address the Barriers for the Transfer and Diffusion of Urban Mass Transportation .............................................................................................................................. 49 2.3.2 Possible Solutions to Address the Barriers for the Transfer and Diffusion of Vehicle Emission Standards ....................................................................................................................... 49 2.3.3 Possible Solutions for Energy Efficiency in the Transport Sector ......................................... 50 2.4 Technology Action Plans, Project Ideas, and Other Issues in the Transport Sector .................. 50 2.4.1 Technology Action Plan for the Transfer and Diffusion of Urban Mass Transportation ..... 50 2.4.2 Technology Action Plan for the Transfer and Diffusion of Vehicle Emission Standards ...... 51 2.4.3 Brief Summary of Project