Unfiftsd Slator Dapmrtmmnt of tha IMar P!etional Park Ssrv~ca Natlonel Register of Hletorlc Places Registration Form Thlr hm rm br mn nmnrthrg ar mhg a( w~bllhybr IndMdull wowtlw w dm.?W Mwtbu In Iw &mpklhg NHlanU RmW Fbma [N&honaRNnn Bulkrtn $8). Cawnch Hm by mrrklrlng "r" In thr ma!.aa* a b.Imtvkrg hm H~WM~hmmm17 m ~*m rwrt tcl IM wng dlxurmrrtd. rnnr "Mh"IM "far001kNM." FD~fumba. w,m, and Irmb Ot o~gnrflcrne*.mlmr only thm eatppn and 6mv-w Irfld In Zhr I I ~ For~ lddnlOn&! . Ipl# uW rnnt!lwllW (Form 70-1). Typ* oll mtrln. - - 7. Nmm* of Pmparty hi5tonc mma -~;rmlrw t fil~no. 68-104 2. Locatlm~pprnxirrratel~31,200-xr-a hrd~rwltm-i -8: the north.I-1~ romm L"otfor~M~pI~a c~rj,town 1 1 w nn the cn~ri-h -nil t-h~rTr~-5t.. 4i.JI ' Ylclnlty stet* Vsrqpnla code dounty ~ra~ap as377 tip W 77971 - -- Aa tnr doatgnats autharhy under the Pllmtlonal HLltarlc Pmarvrtlon An a! IPW, ur#rWd, 1 hereby csntfy th~tIhk 9norn17at1anL; rsquan ~dtdsYmEnltlOn at ~IQIMI~tr tths dmmms~brundlrdm tar mptmtsrlng prom- In w r ot nlrtorlc Pfmar md mrra Ihr pm~~dural mnd prol+#bnrl rqulremrntl Ht brth In 30 CFCl Pnfl61). Edm not mwl tba NMnml Rqmr cm#rlm. mnutbn nn. 1 A - ,- 14 Not/ l9CiQ Dmr of Historic Resources - WMESTIC TTC slnqle dwellinq sin- multlple dwellinq e secondarv structure hotel storaae e t Architectural Classification Materials (enter categories from instructions) (enter categories trom instructions) foundatin WCOD NQ STYrE walls IAL shlnale C~o~an roof 1- BRICK see continwtion sheet other Describe present and historic physical appearance. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION Located in Virginia's central Piedmont region twenty miles east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Madison-Barbour Rural Historic district encompasses roughly 32,520 acres of western Orange County. The district's boundaries are defined on the north by Madison County and the Rapidan River; on the east by a line running parallel with Route IS, a highway linking the towns of Orange and Gordonsville; on the south by the Albernarle County line, and on the west by a series of roads and ridges and the Greene County line. Physically, the district is characterized by rich, well-drained soils, rolling terrain and an even mix of agricultural and forest land. The area's mix of hilly and undulating terrain and abundant open land affords expansive and varied vistas of the unspoiled countryside. A product of 260 years of Old World settlement, the landscape retains extensive evidence of earlier habitation. Complementing natural elements such as streams, hiUs and mature woodlands are cultural features such as early settlements, field patterns, circulation routes, hedgerows, fencelines, roadbeds and gardens. Cultural patterns are also reflected in the area's broad range of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century architecture. While the Madison-Barbour District is perhaps best known for its large and imposing Federal, Greek Revival and Georgian Revival plantation and country houses, most contributing buildings are the product of a long vernacular building tradition. Although the district is characterized by a dispersed settlement pattern of individual farmsteads, it contains several small communities, including Tibbstown, a rural black settlemeatestablished soon after the Civil War, and BarboursviUe, a crossroads and railroad hamlet dating to the mid-nineteenth century. Modern intrusions in the district are minimal, despite the area's proximity to the city of Charlottesville and the towns of Culpeper, Orange and Gordonsville. Among the 886 architectural resources contributing to the historic character of the district are 775 buildings; these consist mainly of farm dwellings and their associated agricultural and service buildings. Other contributing buildings include six chl~rches,eleven commercial Applicable Nalimnel Register Criteria aA B c D Criteria Consideratiis (Excaptiis) =A 0 rnC D E rnF rnG Areas of Significance (enter categorica hum instru*ionrr) Pedd Significance Signi- Dates Lmm- h c~nurslAMlietlan N/ A Signifcant Person JmsMadison (U.S. ~r&ntl Jams Barbour (Va. governor) -- Slate significance of pmperty, end juwcntadn. criteria consideratiom, and argu and pemds of significmm noted ah. S S The Madison-Barbour Rural Historic District is located in central Piedmont Virginia about twenty miles east of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Straddling the Virginia horse belt, the district encompasses about fifty square miles in western Orange County. The district is one of the best-preserved and most scenic rural landscapes in the upper Piedmont. The gently rolling, semimountainous terrain is broken intermittently by broad stretches of level ground. A web of roadways, many of which date to the colonial period, offer the traveler frequent and expansive views of unspoiled countryside. The district is distinguished today, as it has been since the eighteenth century, by unusually large landholdings. The wealth generated by these large tracts of exceptionally productive, well-drained soil encouraged landowning families to erect some of the finest country houses in the state. The district's name refers to two of the area's most prominent landholding families: the Madisons and the Barbours. Both families produced political leaders of national stature, and both erected architecturally important plantation complexes--Montpelier and Barboursville--that still stand. In all, the district contains some 886 contributing architectural resources, including over .three hundred_.dwellings running the gamut of national styles and vernacular forms and reflecting a broad socio-econornjc spectrum. Best known for its large estates with imposing Federal and Georgian-style mansions, the district also contains exemplary groupings of agricd~dbuildings and locally significant religious, commercial, and transportation-related structures. Too, the Madison-Barbour Historic District retains a high degree of integrity as a historic landscape, illustrating the long-term interadion of human and natural forces. Its SEE rnINIJATIa4 SHEET &7 SO. contlnuatlon sheet Previoua documentallon on 111. (NPS): qpreliminary detemlnation of Individual ll8llng (36 CFR 67) Primary locationof additional dam ha8 been requestad aState hiiorlc presewatimn office prrvloualy lielad In the Nallonal Reglolor [other 8.w agency proviourly detomlnod ellglbb by the Natlonal Reglaor Faded agency Ode8ignatod a Natlond ~~~oricLandmark ~0x1gowrnment qrecordad by Hialoric American Bulldlngs Uniwnity Suwey r Other qrecordad by Hl8toric American Engineering S~llyrepltory: Record r nf Hi ?tor= RP?~III-PPE 221 Governor St.. Richrmnd. VA 232a 10. QeogrrphlcdData Acreage of property approx. 31,200 acres UTM Reference8 A U 17141913161Qj141213161710101 6h.d 17)4151614t0l w Zone Eaalng Northlng Zone EaMlng Nonhlng Srcontlnuatlon ahm Verbal Boundary Do8crlptlon Sw comlnuallon sheet Boundary Juatltlcatlon -. 11. CormPrrprmdbv ,mff M. 08# n m his-* o'W'"=m- k Q s data JksentP~1989 #b8a&Mmbr221st- -.w .786-3143 Wa-Richmrrl - v-a *odl23219 w S k 1 W 1- Unlted States Department of the Interlor National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 6 Page 2 6.HISTORIC FUNCTIONS: DOMESTIC camp village site AGRICULTURE processing agricultural field animal facili horticultural?aciliy agricultural outbul ding TRANSPORTATION rail-related road-related LANDSCAPE: F:;:? F:;:? street furniture/object FUNERARY cemetery graves/ burials RELIGION religious structure COMMERCE s eciality store epartment store warehousea EDUCATION school SOCIAL meeting hall GOVERNMENT post office RECREATION AND CULTURE monument/marker work of art sports facility Unlted States Department of the lnterlor National Park Service National Register of Historic Pjacas Continuation Sheet Section number 6 Page 3 INDUSTRY/PROCESSING/EXTRA~ON manufactunng facility waterworks DEFENSE fortification CURRENT FUNCTIONS: AGRICULTURE TRANSPORTATION rail-related road-related LANDSCAPE K,";,d,"t" street furniture/object FUNERARY cemetery RELIGION religious structure COMMERCE s ecialty store Bepartment store SOCIAL meeting hall GOVERNMENT post office RECREATION AND CULTLJRE monument/marker work of art sports facility United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 2-A 7. ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION: EARLY REPUBLIC Early Classical Revival Federal MID-19TH CENTURY Greek Revival Gothic Revival LATE VICTORIAN Italianate Queen Anne LATE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY REVIVALS Colonial Revival Classical Revival LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS Bungalow/Craftsman OTHER I House Foursquare 7b MATERIALS; STONE granite sandstone METAL iron tin STUCCO CONCRETE CERAMIC TILE United Statm Departmenl of the Interlor National Park Sewice National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 2-A James Dinsmore, designerlbuilder John Neilson, designerlbuilder John Perry, designerlbuilder Hugh Chisholm, builder James Bradley, builder Edward Ancel, builder William A. Jennings, architectlbuilder George E. Ficklin, designerlbuilder Perkins Brothers, builders George Franklin Barber, architect Griffin & Wynkoop, architectural firm Horace Wells ~e~lkrs,architect Lloyd C. Mayor, architect William L. Bottomley, architect Umberto Imocenti, landscape architect Charles Gillette, landscape architect Carneal & Johnston, architectural firm Henderson Heyward, architect John Colvin, builder Sears, Roebuck and Company Montgomery Ward Company Hodgson Company Unitud Stam lhputment of the interior National Park Sewice