EMPLAN COMPILEO FOR MINING ON PORTION 1 OF FARM 800, GONUBIE. EAST LONDON Insectivora Soriciidac Myosorex cafer DarX·footed forest shrew E Myosorex varius Forest shrew F Suncu5 infinffesimus least cMtarl shrew F Crocidura cyanea Reddis ~-gra y musk shrew F Crockiura navescens Greater musk shrew E Chrysochloridac Chrysospalax villosus Rough-naired golden mole C Amblysomus iris Zulu gdden mole F Amblvsomus hottentotus Hottentot golden mole A Chiroptera I Pteropodidae Epomophorus wahlberg; Wahlberg's epaulened fruit bat A Eidolon heivum Straw-coloured fruit bat F Rousettus aeQvDtiacus EovDtian fruit bat A Embal100uridac Taphozous mauritianum Tomb bat 0 Molossidae Tadarida condy/ura Angola free-tailed bat F Tadarida aegyptiaca Egyptian free -tailed bat F Miniop/erus schreibersii Schreiber's long-fingered bat F Myo/us tricolor Temminck's hairy bat F Pipislreffus kuhlii Kuhl's bat F Pipistrellus nanus Banana bat BF hottentotus Long-tailed serotine bat F serotine bat F F F F F Swinny's horseshoe bat F Sundeval's leaf-nosed bat F ~tes Cercopithecidae (Papio urs;nus) (Chaana baboon) F Cercopithecus aethiops Vervel monkey A opithecus mitis (SamanOD monk, Lagomorpha Leporidae Lepus saxatilis Scrub hare B Pronolagus repestris Smith's red rock rabbit 0 F Graphiu(1Js ocularis dormouse B F Dendromus melanoUs Gray climbing mouse o Dendromus mesomefas Bran t's dimbing mouse F Mystromys afbicaudatus VoIhite-tailed mouse E Otomys irroratus V1ei rat B 47 EMPLAN COMPILED FOR MINING ON PORTION 1 OF FARM BOO , GONUBIE. EAST LONDON Hyracoidae Procaviidac Procavia capensis Rock dassie B (Dendrohvrax arooreus) (Tree dassie) D Perissodactyla Rhinocerotidae (Diceros bicomis) (Black rhinoceros) C Artiodactyla Suidae Potamochoerus poreus Bushp~ 6 Hippopotamidae , (Hippopotamus amphibious) (Hippopolamus) 6 I Bovidae Philantomba monlicofa Blu e duiker 6 Sy/vicapra grimmia Common duiker 6 (Raphicerus campestris) (Sleenbok) F I Raphicerus melanotis Grysbok 6 (Syncerus caffer) (6uffalo) F Trage/aphus SCriptU5 Bushbuck 6 i (Tauro/ragus oryx) ( E ~n d ) C i (Redivica anindinum) (Reedbuck) F , C,1.4.3 Birds Unless they are ground breeders, birds are not affected by the type and scale of mining . Possible bird species are listed that could occur in the area . A specialist report has not been conducted and to verify the presence of specific species, a specialist study will not be required because the affected area is only 1.5 ha of which about 70% is grassed, there are more suitable and plen tiful habitat adjacent and further away from the site where the animals can flee . Numerous bird species are expected to frequent the area but birds are unlikely to be harmed by mining activity, as they are able to migrate. Bush and trees on the site wi ll be removed , but as stated above, there is more than undisturbed veldt in close proximity and in the area to which they can migrate. Trees outside the mine area wi ll not be cut or removed . Table 9. Possible bi rd species frequenting the site or the areas around the site. 48 EMPLAN COMPILED FOR MINING ON PORTION 1 OF FARM 800 , GONUBIE. EAST LONDON Xenus cinereus Terek Resource:>iper 263 F R Trinaa hvoofeucos Common ResourceDioer 264 F F Trin a glareola Wood Resourcepiper 266 0 Trinaa staanatalis Marsh Resourcepiper 269 0 Trin a nebu/aria Greenshank 270 F 0 Calidris canutu5 Knot 271 R C.1.4.4 Reptiles Approxi mately 60 species of reptile are recorded or are likely to occur in the region . Some species are found in a wide area (for example snakes such as boomslang and puffadder), while others occur only in specific areas. I Reptiles has not observed or studied on the site, however, like with other animals, they are able to migrate to adjacent areas and the impact caused by the mining is mitigated by the behaviourof the animals themselves . The fiight and fright reaction of the animals will cause them to fiee the areas where they feel in danger. A number of species occur in the region but can vary regionally for example: • The common slug-eating snake (Duberria lutrix). • Giant legless skink (Acontias plumbeus) . The southern population around East London is well-isolated from northern populations with subtle differenced between them. • Dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion sp.): Found in isolated populations in forest and thicket habitats. The order and nomenclature follows that of Branch (1988) - as per his study. B = Specimen recorded by Broadly (1988) in one or more of the grid squares 3227 A, 3227 C, 3227 D, 3228 C or 3327 BB. M = Museum specimen exists for the area. L = Likely to occur in the environs of the Nahoon , Quinira and Gqunube estuaries. Table 10. Possible reptiles Typholopidae bibronii 8ibron's Blind Snake B Black Thread Snake B Lycodonomorphus laevissimus Dusky-bellied Waler Snake BM Lamprophis tu/iginosus Brown House Snake BM Lamprophis inomatus Olive House Snake BM Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake BM Duberria tutrix Common Slug Eater BM Pseudaspis cana Mole Snake B Psammophyfax mambeatus Spotted Skaapsteker BM Psammophis crucifer Cross -ma r1l:ed Snake B capens;s Centipede Eater B ". __ ,. " __ I BM 49 I EMPLAN COMPILEO FOR MIN ING ON PORTION 1 OF FARM 800, GONUBIE. EAST LONOON Colubridae Homoroselaps lac/eus Spotted Harlequin Snake B Philothamnus semivariega/us Spotted Bush Snake B Philothamnus hop/ogaster Green Water Snake BM Philolhamnus natalensis Natal Green Snake BM Dasypeilis scabra Common Egg Eater BM Oasypeilis inomata Southern Brown Egg Eater B Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Herald Snake BM OiSDholidus ivDhus BoomslanQ BM Elapidae Naja nivea Cape CoOra L Haemachatus haemachatus Rinkhals BM Viperidae Gausus mombaa/us Common Night Adder BM Bms arietans Puff Adder 8M Bitis atroDOS Cape Moonlain Adder B Scincidae Aconlias me/eagris Cape legless Skink L Aeontias plumbeu5 Giant Legless Skink M Mamuya capensis Cape Skink L Mamuya homa/ocepha/a Red·sided Skink L Mamuya varia Variable Skink L Lacertidae Pedioplanis lineoocellata Spoiled Resource lizard L Cordytidae Germosauros flavigu/aris Yellow·throated Plated Lizard M Chaemaesauria anguina Cape Grass Lizard M COrdylus coroylus Cape Girdled lizard L Varanidae Varanus exanthematicus Rock Monitor L Varanus nilolicus Water ~njtor M Agamidae AQama atra Southern Rock AQama L Chamaeleonidae Btachypodion sp. Dwarf Chameleon L Gekkonidae Hemiducty/us mabonia Moreau's Tropical House Gecko L PachydaC/ytis maculales Spotted Gecko L C.1.4.S Invertebrates The habitat on the proposed site is common and is well represented in the surrounding areas and the subsequent temporary loss of habitat will not reduce the insect population significan tly especially if concurrent mining and rehabilitation takes place. The ability of most of the animals to flee to the surrounding habitat also reduces the potential fata lities in the local area where the disturbance will occur. Little is known about the effect of mining on the insects (how many are destroyed and which animals would most likely be affected). Insects from the four insect orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera occur. Beetles, ants, spiders and grasshoppers species were observed on the proposed site. Species of Speci al Concern Invertebrates Invertebrates are often not discussed or looked at in deta il when assessing the environment. There is a tendency to give more attention to butterflies because there is more detail or literature available on them . There does not appear to be a regional Red Data Book available for invertebrates but some invertebrate species have been identified as being of conservation value. These include: • Butterflies: Rare butterflies from the Pondoland region are included in the South African Butterfly Red Data Book (Henning and Henning 1989): • Southern As lauga (Aslauga australis), Rare, East London , Mbashe River, Doutza Pass, Port St Johns. • Bicolored Abantis (Abantis bicolor) , Rare, East London , Mbashe River, Port St Johns. 50 EMPLAN COMPILED FOR MINING ON PORTION 1 OF FARM 800, GONUBIE. EAST LONDON • Lycaenid butterflies (small coppers: Aloeides clarki; Peocifimitis pyroeis and blues: Lepidochrysops bacchus), rare or possible restricted distribution. Pulmonate Molluscs: Two terrestrial slugs have been indicated as candidates for inclusion in the IUCN 'Red List' of threatened species (Herbert 1997). These include: Grasshopper Acrotylos hirtus that is endemic to dune veldt of Algoa Bay. C,1.4.6 Invertebrates Invader or exotic species I The tropical house gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia) has spread throughout much of the KwaZulu-Natal south coast and scattered towns in the Eastern Cape and Free State (Branch 1998). The animals most likely spread into the region by passi ve transportation by vehicles . These animals are common in caravan parks as this is the most likely because of the high volume of traffic to the caravan park . The presence of these invas ive s pee i es is thought to be directly responsible for declines in coastal populations of the Pondoland fiat gecko (Afroedura pondolia) (Branch 1998). Branch (1998) further writes that because of urbanization invasive bird species such as the Indian Myna and House Crow have spread along road routes. The same is true for urban rodent pests such as the house mouse (Mus musculus) and house rat (Rattus rattus) . The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is larger and more aggressive than the house rat, but is currently restricted to major cites and towns in the coastal region . It may prove a greater danger to indigenous small mammals than its cousin . Both rats can serve as carriers of plague. The African cat (Felis Iybica) is threatened by interbreeding with a closely related domesticated cat. The yellow­ billed duck (Anas undulata) species are threatened by hybridization with the mallard duck. Roads create a suitable corridor for the invasion of alien species creating a pathway from one area to the next. Evaluation Negative impacts due to the invasion of alien fauna to the region are highly probable. They will initially be localized but will spread and occur over the long term.