New Mexico Pilot Dust Regional Haze State Implementation Plan for the Salt Creek Wilderness Area Prepared By The State of New Mexico Environment Department Air Quality Bureau EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the summer of 2002, the Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP) Oversight Committees established a Dust Emissions Joint Forum (DEJF). The Forum concentrates on improving how dust emissions are estimated and assists in the development of tools to help states develop the dust related portion of their State Implementation Plans (SIP) required by the Regional Haze Rule. To further assist states in the develop of their SIPs for dust, WRAP awarded grant funding to the State of New Mexico in 2005, to utilize and critique the tools developed by the forum for one of the Class I areas in New Mexico. The Class I area chosen for the Pilot Study is the Salt Creek Wilderness Class I area located in southeastern New Mexico near the City of Roswell, NM. The Salt Creek Class I area was chosen due to its marked increase in monitored coarse mass emissions, the major component of dust, for the site's 20% worst visibility days. The tools evaluated for the Pilot Study include: • Causes of Dust Analysis; • Fugitive Dust Emissions from Wind Erosion; • Fugitive Dust Handbook; • Dust Definition and Categorization Policy; • CMAQ Modeling for Fugitive Emissions; and • Weight of Evidence Checklist. Along with the tools developed by WRAP for dust, supplemental projects based on the work done by WRAP were developed specifically for the Salt Creek area. The supplemental projects include: • Identification of Source Areas Affecting Dust Concentrations at the Salt Creek, New Mexico; and • Application of the WRAP's Draft Definition and Categorization of Dust to the Salt Creek Class I Area, A Case Study. As part of the Pilot Study, New Mexico was also charged with developing a template that states could use in developing the dust portion of their SIPs for Regional Haze. The template developed by the State of New Mexico for this study is only intended to be an example of how a SIP for dust might look like using the tools developed by the DEJF. The following study is by no means intended to represent the State of New Mexico's SIP submittal to the U.S. Environmental Projection Agency (EPA) for Regional Haze and should only be used at a state's own discretion. ACRONYMS AP-42 – Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors Bext – measured light extinction BLM – Bureau of Land Management CAA - Clean Air Act CFR - Code of Federal Regulations CM – coarse mass CMAQ – congestion mitigation and air quality CODA – Causes of Dust Analysis COHA – Causes of Haze Assessment DV - deciviews DEJF – Dust Emissions Joint Forum EDMS – Emissions Data Management System EPA - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency GCVTC – Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission IMPROVE – Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments Mm-1 - inverse megameters MOA – memoranda of agreement NEAP – Natural Events Action Plan NEI – National Emissions Inventories NMED – New Mexico Environment Department NMAC – New Mexico Administrative Code NRCS – Natural Resources Conservation Services OBS - observed PM10 – particulate matter 10 microns in size and less PM2.5 – particulate matter 2.5 microns in size and less RACM – reasonably available control measures RMC – Regional Modeling Center RPG – Reasonable Progress Goal RPM – range management plan SACR – Salt Creek Wilderness Class I area SIP - State Implementation Plan SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide SOIL – fine soil TCEQ – Texas Commission on Environmental Quality TSS – Technical Support System USDA – United States Department of Agriculture VIEWS – Visibility Information Exchange Web System WEG – wind erodibility group WESTAR – Western States Air Resources WS4 – wind speeds >26 miles per hour WRAP – Western Regional Air Partnership This is only a study developed for WRAP by the State of New Mexico. ii This is not intended to be New Mexico's Regional Haze State Implementation Plan. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... I ACRONYMS...............................................................................................................................................................II INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................1 REGIONAL HAZE RULE............................................................................................................................................1 STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING REQUIREMENTS FOR 40 CFR §51.309 .......................................................2 STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING REQUIREMENTS FOR 40 CFR §51.308 .......................................................2 VISIBILITY IN NEW MEXICO....................................................................................................................................3 NEW MEXICO 2003 SIP SUBMITTAL .......................................................................................................................4 NEW MEXICO DUST STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PILOT STUDY....................................................6 OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................................6 PURPOSE OF PROJECT..............................................................................................................................................7 Analysis of Tools.................................................................................................................................................7 Template and Protocol.......................................................................................................................................8 Conceptual Model ..............................................................................................................................................9 SIP TEMPLATE/PROTOCOL .....................................................................................................................................9 Visibility Conditions ..........................................................................................................................................9 Reasonable Progress Goals..............................................................................................................................12 Long Term Strategies ......................................................................................................................................13 Sources and Control Strategies.......................................................................................................................21 Monitoring Strategy and Emission Inventory ...............................................................................................37 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................................39 DUST DEFINITION...................................................................................................................................................39 FINE FRACTION OF FUGITIVE DUST......................................................................................................................40 CAUSES OF DUST REGIONAL ANALYSIS/NEW MEXICO PILOT STUDY.................................................................40 CMAQ MODELING FOR FUGITIVE EMISSIONS.....................................................................................................40 FUGITIVE DUST EMISSIONS FROM WIND EROSION ..............................................................................................41 FUGITIVE DUST HANDBOOK..................................................................................................................................41 WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE...........................................................................................................................................42 OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................42 FIGURES AND TABLES FIGURE 1: VISIBILITY IMPAIRMENT IN BANDELIER NATIONAL PARK, NEW MEXICO .............................................4 TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF 309 SIP SUBMITTAL FOR NEW MEXICO ..............................................................................4 FIGURE 2: STATE MAP OF NEW MEXICO....................................................................................................................6 FIGURE 3: SALT CREEK WILDERNESS AREA..............................................................................................................7 FIGURE 4: CURRENT AND DEFAULT NATURAL CONDITIONS FOR THE 20% BEST AND WORST VISIBILITY DAYS AT SACR.....................................................................................................................................................10 FIGURE 5: BASELINE CONDITIONS FOR THE 20% BEST AND WORST VISIBILITY DAYS AT SACR........................10 FIGURE 6: BASELINE AND DEFAULT NATURAL DUST LIGHT EXTINCTION FOR SACR ..........................................11 FIGURE 7: SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO LIGHT EXTINCTION FOR 2002 ..................................................................11 FIGURE